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===Biases in the interpretation of the Piltdown Man=== The Piltdown case is an example of how race, nationalism, and gender influenced scientific and public opinion. Newspapers explained the seemingly primitive and contradictory features of the skull and jaw by attempting to demonstrate an analogy with non-white races, presumed at the time to be more primitive and less developed than white Europeans.<ref name="Goulden2009">{{cite journal| last1 = Goulden| first1 = M.| title = Boundary-work and the human–animal binary: Piltdown Man, science and the media| doi = 10.1177/0963662507081239| journal = Public Understanding of Science| volume = 18| issue = 3| pages = 275–91| date = May 2009| s2cid = 145291598| url = https://zenodo.org/record/1005522| access-date = 20 February 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180220152202/https://zenodo.org/record/1005522/files/article.pdf| archive-date = 20 February 2018| url-status = live}} {{closed access}}</ref> The influence of nationalism resulted in the differing interpretations of the find: whilst the majority of British scientists accepted the discovery as "the earliest Englishman",<ref>{{cite book |last=Woodward |first=A. Smith |author-link=Arthur Smith Woodward |url=http://www.clarku.edu/~piltdown/map_report_finds/earliest_english.html |title=The Earliest Englishman |year=1948 |publisher=Watts & Co. |series=[[Thinker's Library]] |volume=127 |access-date=31 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521125206/http://www.clarku.edu/~piltdown/map_report_finds/earliest_english.html |archive-date=21 May 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> European and American scientists were considerably more sceptical, and several suggested at the time that the skull and jaw were from two different creatures and had been accidentally mixed up.<ref name="Goulden2009"/> Although Woodward suggested that the specimen discovered might be female, most scientists and journalists referred to Piltdown as a male. The only notable exception was the coverage by the ''Daily Express'' newspaper, which referred to the discovery as a woman, but only to mock the [[suffragette]] movement, of which the ''Express'' was highly critical.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Goulden | first1 = M.| s2cid = 145337633| title = Bringing Bones to Life: How Science Made Piltdown Man Human| doi = 10.1080/09505430701706699| journal = Science as Culture| volume = 16| issue = 4| pages = 333–57 |date=December 2007}} {{closed access}}</ref>
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