Editing Peterloo Massacre (section)

==Victims==
[[File:The Massacre of Peterloo.jpg|thumb|left|280px|Caricature by [[George Cruikshank]] depicting the charge upon the rally]]
The exact number of those killed and injured at Peterloo has never been established with certainty, for there was no official count or inquiry and many injured people fled to safety without reporting their injuries or seeking treatment. The Manchester Relief Committee, a body set up to provide relief for the victims of Peterloo, gave the number of injured as 420, while Radical sources listed 500.<ref name="MarlowP150-151">Marlow (1969), pp.&nbsp;150–151.</ref> The true number is difficult to estimate, as many of the wounded hid their injuries for fear of retribution by the authorities. Three of William Marsh's six children worked in the factory belonging to Captain Hugh Birley of the Manchester Yeomanry, and lost their jobs because their father had attended the meeting.{{sfnp|Bush|2005|p=12|ps=none}} James Lees was admitted to [[Manchester Royal Infirmary|Manchester Infirmary]] with two severe sabre wounds to the head, but was refused treatment and sent home after refusing to agree with the surgeon's insistence that "he had had enough of Manchester meetings."{{sfnp|Bush|2005|p=12|ps=none}}

A particular feature of the meeting at Peterloo was the number of women present. Female reform societies had been formed in North West England during June and July 1819, the first in Britain. Many of the women were dressed distinctively in white, and some formed all-female contingents, carrying their own flags.{{sfnp|Bush|2005|p=1|ps=none}} Of the 654&nbsp;recorded casualties, at least 168 were women, four of whom died either at St Peter's Field or later as a result of their wounds. It has been estimated that less than 12 per cent of the crowd was made up of women, suggesting that they were at significantly greater risk of injury than men by a factor of almost 3:1. Richard Carlile claimed that the women were especially targeted, a view apparently supported by the large number who suffered from wounds caused by weapons.<ref name=":1" /> A recently unearthed set of 70 victims' petitions in the parliamentary archives reveals some shocking tales of ferocity, including the accounts of the female reformers Mary Fildes, who carried the flag on the platform, and Elizabeth Gaunt, who suffered a miscarriage following ill-treatment during eleven days' detention without trial.{{sfnp|Poole|2019|loc=ch. 13 & pp. 353–355, 374–377}}

Eleven of the fatalities listed occurred on St Peter's Field. Others, such as John Lees of Oldham, died later of their wounds, and some like Joshua Whitworth were killed in the rioting that followed the crowd's dispersal from the field.<ref name="MarlowP150-151"/> Bush puts the fatalities at 18 and Poole supports this figure, albeit a slightly different 18 based on new information. It is these 18 whose names are carved on the 2019 memorial, including the unborn child of Elizabeth Gaunt.<ref name=":2">{{harvnb|Poole|2019|pp=345–352}}</ref>
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%; display:block; width:90%; max-width:1200px; border:1px solid #fff; background:#fff; margin:1em auto 1em auto;"
|+Fatalities resulting from Peterloo<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://peterloomassacre.org/deaths.html |title=Fatalities spreadsheet |date=2019 |website=Peterloo Memorial Campaign |access-date=21 March 2020 |archive-date=6 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506064830/http://peterloomassacre.org/deaths.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
!  scope="col" style="height:17px; width:12%;"| Name
!  scope="col" style="height:17px; width:12%;"| Abode
!  scope="col" class="unsortable" style="height:17px; width:5%;"| Date of death
!  scope="col" class="unsortable" style="height:17px; width:16%;"| Cause
!  scope="col" class="unsortable" style="height:17px; width:23%;"| Notes
!  scope="col" class="unsortable" style="height:17px; width:2%;"| Ref(s).
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | {{sortname|John|Ashton|nolink=1}}
| [[Cowhill, Greater Manchester|Cowhill]], [[Chadderton]]
| 16 August
| Sabred and trampled on by crowd
| Carried the black flag of the Saddleworth, Lees and Mossley Union, inscribed "Taxation without representation is unjust and tyrannical. NO CORN LAWS". The inquest jury returned a verdict of accidental death. His son, Samuel, received 20&nbsp;shillings in relief.
|
|-  style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | {{sortname|John|Ashworth|nolink=1}}
| Bulls Head, [[Manchester]]
|
| Sabred and trampled
| Ashworth was a [[Special Constabulary|Special Constable]], accidentally killed by the cavalry.
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | {{sortname|William|Bradshaw|nolink=1}}
| Lily-hill, [[Bury, Greater Manchester|Bury]]
|
| Shot by musket
|
|
|-  style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Thomas|Buckley|nolink=1}}
| [[Baretrees, Greater Manchester|Baretrees]], Chadderton
|
| Sabred and stabbed by bayonet
|
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Robert|Campbell|nolink=1}}
| Miller Street, Salford
| 18 August
| Killed by a mob in Newton Lane
| Campbell was a Special Constable, beaten to death in a revenge attack the next day and not a victim on the field. His name is not on the memorial.
|
|-  style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | {{sortname|James|Crompton|nolink=1}}
| [[Barton-upon-Irwell]]
|
| Trampled on by the cavalry
| Buried 1 September
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Edmund|Dawson|nolink=1}}{{efn|name=|A William Dawson of Saddleworth is also sometimes mentioned, but Poole (2019) has established that this was an error in the original source.|group=}}
| [[Saddleworth]]
|
| Died of sabre wounds at the Manchester Infirmary.
|
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Margaret|Downes|nolink=1}}
| Manchester
|
| Sabred
|
|
|-  style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | {{sortname|William|Evans|nolink=1}}
| [[Hulme]]
|
| Trampled by cavalry
| Evans was a Special Constable.
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | {{sortname|William|Fildes|nolink=1}}
| Kennedy Street, Manchester
| 16 August
| Ridden over by cavalry
| Two years old, he was first victim of the massacre. His mother was carrying him across the road when she was struck by a trooper of the Manchester Yeomanry, galloping towards St Peters Field.
|
|-  style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Mary|Heys|nolink=1}}
| Oxford Road, Manchester
| 17 December
| Ridden over by cavalry
| Mother of six children, and pregnant at the time of the meeting. Disabled and suffering from almost daily fits following her injuries, the premature birth of her child after 7 months of pregnancy resulted in her death.
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Sarah|Jones|nolink=1}}
| 96 Silk Street, [[Salford, Greater Manchester|Salford]]
|
| No cause given by Marlow but listed by Frow as "bruised in the head".
| Mother of seven children. Beaten on the head by a Special Constable's truncheon.
|
|-  style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | {{sortname|John|Lees|nolink=1}}
| Oldham
| 9 September
| Sabred
| Lees was an ex-soldier who had fought in the [[Battle of Waterloo]].
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Arthur|Neil|nolink=1}}
| Pidgeon Street, Manchester
|January 1820
| Inwardly crushed
|Arthur Neil (or O'Neill) died after being imprisoned without trial for five months.
|
|-  style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Martha|Partington|nolink=1}}
| [[Eccles, Greater Manchester|Eccles]]
|
| Thrown into a cellar and killed on the spot
|
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | {{sortname|John|Rhodes|nolink=1}}
| Pits, [[Hopwood, Greater Manchester|Hopwood]]
| 18 or 19 November
| Sabre wound to the head
| Rhodes's body was dissected by order of magistrates who wished to prove that his death was not a result of Peterloo. The coroner's inquest found that he had died from natural causes.
|
|-  style="text-align:center;"
! scope="row" | {{sortname|Joshua|Whitworth|nolink=1}}
|
| 16 August
| Shot at New Cross the same evening by infantry firing on rioters.
|
|
|}