Editing Peterborough (section)

== Transport ==

===Rail===
[[Peterborough railway station]] is a principal stop on the [[East Coast Main Line]], 45–50 minutes' journey time from central London, with high-speed intercity services from [[London King's Cross railway station|King's Cross]] to [[Edinburgh Waverley railway station|Edinburgh Waverley]] operated by the [[London North Eastern Railway]] at around a 20-minute frequency. It is the northern terminus of slower commuter services from {{rws|Horsham}}, via {{rws|Gatwick Airport}} and central London, operated by [[Govia Thameslink Railway]].

It is a major railway junction where a number of cross-country routes converge:

* [[East Midlands Railway]] operates through services between {{rws|Norwich}}, {{rws|Nottingham}} and [[Liverpool Lime Street railway station|Liverpool Lime Street]] that call at Peterborough, as well as trains on the line to {{rws|Lincoln}}.
* [[CrossCountry]] provides connections west to {{rws|Leicester}} and [[Birmingham New Street railway station|Birmingham]], and east to {{rws|Ely}}, {{rws|Cambridge}} and {{rws|Stansted Airport}}.
* [[Greater Anglia]] also runs trains to and from {{rws|Ipswich}} via {{rws|Soham}}.<ref>[http://nationalrail.co.uk/stations/PBO.html Station Facilities for Peterborough] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070718060320/http://nationalrail.co.uk/stations/PBO.html |date=18 July 2007 }} [[National Rail]] Enquiries, 28 November 2006.</ref>
[[File:Peterborough 1850 iron bridge.jpg|thumb|[[Nene Viaduct|Historic cast iron railway bridge]] over the River Nene (1847), built by Sir [[William Cubitt|William]] and [[Joseph Cubitt]]]]

===Water===
The [[River Nene]], made navigable from the port at [[Wisbech]] to [[Northampton]] by 1761,<ref>Under the Nene Navigation Acts 1714 ([[12 Ann.]] c. 7), 1725 ([[11 Geo. 1]]. c. 19), 1756 ([[29 Geo. 2]]. c. 69) and 1794 ([[34 Geo. 3]]. c. 85).</ref> passes through the city centre. The [[Nene Viaduct]] carries the railway over the river. It was built in 1847 by Sir [[William Cubitt|William]] and [[Joseph Cubitt]].<ref>Gordon Bibble, ''Britanic's History Railway Buildings. An Oxford Gazetteer of Structures and Sites'', (p.195), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003 {{ISBN|978-0198662471}}</ref> William Cubitt was the chief engineer of Crystal Palace erected at Hyde Park in 1851. Apart from some minor repairs in 1910 and 1914 (the steel bands and cross braces around the fluted legs) the bridge remains as Cubitts built it. Now a Grade II* listed structure, it is the oldest surviving cast iron railway bridge in the UK.<ref>Labrum, Edward A. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Offfz1NSDt0C ''Civil Engineering Heritage: Eastern and Central England''] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620110750/http://books.google.com/books?id=Offfz1NSDt0C&printsec=frontcover |date=20 June 2013 }} (pp.78–79) Thomas Telford, London, 1994. See also Cossey, F. "Cast Iron Railway Bridge at Peterborough" in [[Kenneth Hudson|Hudson, Kenneth]] (ed.) ''Industrial Archaeology'' vol. 4 (pp.138–147) David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1967.</ref> By the Town Bridge, the Customs House, built in the early eighteenth century, is a visible reminder of the city's past function as an inland port.<ref>Brandon, David and Knight, John ''Peterborough Past: The City and The Soke'' (p.54) Phillimore & Co., Chichester, 2001.</ref> The [[Environment Agency]] navigation starts at the junction with the Northampton arm of the [[Grand Union Canal]] and extends for {{convert|91|mi|km}} ending at Bevis Hall just upstream of Wisbech. The tidal limit used to be Woodston Wharf until the Dog-in-a-Doublet [[Lock (water transport)|lock]] was built {{convert|5|mi|km|spell=in}} downstream in 1937.<ref>[http://ea-lit.freshwaterlife.org/fedora/repository/ealit:2818/OBJ/20001183.pdf Navigations in the Anglian Region] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518081603/http://ea-lit.freshwaterlife.org/fedora/repository/ealit:2818/OBJ/20001183.pdf |date=18 May 2015}} Public Relations Department, National Rivers Authority, Anglian Region (NRA Anglian 88) 1994.</ref>

===Road===
{{Further|Road transport in Peterborough}}
The [[A1 road (Great Britain)|A1/A1(M) primary route]] (part of [[European route E15]]) broadly follows the path of the historic [[Great North Road (Great Britain)|Great North Road]] from [[St Paul's Cathedral]] in the heart of London, passing Peterborough (Junction 17), and continuing north a further {{convert|335|mi|km}} to central [[Edinburgh]]. In 1899 the [[British Electric Traction|British Electric Traction Company]] sought permission for a tramway joining the northern suburbs with the city centre. The system, which operated under the name [[Peterborough Tramways|Peterborough Electric Traction Company]], opened in 1903 and was abandoned in favour of motor buses in 1930, when it was merged into the [[First Norfolk & Suffolk|Eastern Counties Omnibus Company]].<ref>Brandon and Knight (pp.47–49).</ref> Today, bus services in the city are operated by several companies including [[Stagecoach East|Stagecoach]] (formerly [[Stagecoach Cambridgeshire|Cambus and Viscount]]) and [[Delaine Buses]]. Despite its large-scale growth, Peterborough has the fastest peak and off-peak travel times for a city of its size in the UK, due to the construction of the parkways. The [[Local transport plan|Local Transport Plan]] anticipated expenditure totalling around £180&nbsp;million for the period up to 2010 on major road schemes to accommodate development.<ref>[http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/traffic,_travel_and_parking/strategies,_policies_and_plans/transport_planning/ltp2.aspx The Second Local Transport Plan] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423201730/http://www.peterborough.gov.uk/traffic,_travel_and_parking/strategies,_policies_and_plans/transport_planning/ltp2.aspx |date=23 April 2012}} Peterborough City Council, March 2006.</ref>

The combination of rail connections to the [[Port of Felixstowe]] and to the East Coast Main Line as well as a road connection via the A1(M) has led to Peterborough being proposed as the site of a {{cvt|334|acres|km2}} rail-road logistics and distribution centre to be known as Magna Park.<ref>[http://consult.peterborough.gov.uk/portal/planning/peterborough/cs/cspo?pointId=1202897463405#section-1202897463405 Regional Freight Interchange]{{Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Peterborough City Council (Retrieved 21 January 2012).</ref>

===Green Wheel and City Cycling===
[[File:Green Wheel cycle route sign, Glinton - geograph.org.uk - 3533144.jpg|thumb|Green Wheel signpost]]
The Peterborough Millennium [[Green Wheel]] is a {{convert|50|mi|km|adj=on}} network of cycleways, footpaths and bridleways which provide safe, continuous routes around the city with radiating spokes connecting to the city centre. The project has also created a sculpture trail, which provides functional, landscape artworks along the Green Wheel route and a Living Landmarks project involving the local community in the creation of local landscape features such as mini woodlands, ponds and hedgerows.<ref>[http://lifeandhealth.guardian.co.uk/guides/cycling/story/0,,2022726,00.html "Cycle Guide: The Green Wheel"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080126102721/http://lifeandhealth.guardian.co.uk/guides/cycling/story/0,,2022726,00.html |date=26 January 2008}}, ''The Guardian'', London and Manchester, 3 March 2007.</ref> Another long-distance footpath, the [[Hereward Way]], runs from [[Oakham]] in Rutland, through Peterborough, to [[East Harling]] in Norfolk.<ref>Noyes, T.B. [http://visitely.eastcambs.gov.uk/sites/default/files/Hereward%20Way.pdf The Hereward Way: A Walking Route Across the Fens Oakham to Thetford (also part of European route E2 Ely to Oakham)] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122210426/http://visitely.eastcambs.gov.uk/sites/default/files/Hereward%20Way.pdf |date=22 January 2016 }} The Ramblers' Association (Peterborough Group), 1985 (Republished 2004 and published online 2007).</ref> While cycling within the city received a boost during the COVID-19 pandemic with the introduction of new cycle lanes in busy streets, plans to connect the villages to the west of Peterborough with a new cycle track have been refused permission and some cycle lane decisions have been reversed in the city centre during easing of the corona virus lockdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Rob |date=1 July 2021 |title=Plans for a new 'cycle highway' near Peterborough turned down |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/politics/council/plans-for-a-new-cycle-highway-near-peterborough-turned-down-3292318 |url-status=live |access-date=18 October 2021 |website=peterboroughtoday.co.uk/ |archive-date=19 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019063838/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/politics/council/plans-for-a-new-cycle-highway-near-peterborough-turned-down-3292318}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lamy |first=Joel |date=22 July 2021 |title=Mayor urged to intervene over 'misuse' of Peterborough cycling funds |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/transport/mayor-urged-to-intervene-over-misuse-of-peterborough-cycling-funds-3317504 |url-status=live |access-date=18 October 2021 |website=peterboroughtoday.co.uk |archive-date=19 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019081007/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/transport/mayor-urged-to-intervene-over-misuse-of-peterborough-cycling-funds-3317504}}</ref>