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Peter Martyr Vermigli
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==Legacy== Vermigli's leadership in Lucca left it arguably the most thoroughly Protestant city in Italy. The Inquisition led many of these Protestants to flee, creating a significant population of Protestant refugees in Geneva. Several important leaders in the Reformation can also be tied to Vermigli's work in Lucca, including Girolamo Zanchi and Bernardino Ochino.{{sfn|Donnelly|1976|p=173}} Scholars have increasingly recognised the importance of figures other than John Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli in the early formation of the Reformed tradition. [[Richard Muller (theologian)|Richard Muller]], a chief authority on the development of this movement, has argued that Vermigli, [[Wolfgang Musculus]], and Heinrich Bullinger were as influential if not more influential than Calvin on the development of Reformed theology in the sixteenth century.{{sfn|Benedict|2002|p=50}} Vermigli was a transitional figure between the Reformation period and the period known as [[Reformed orthodoxy]]. In the Reformed orthodox period, the theology first articulated by Reformation figures was codified and systematised. Theologians increasingly resorted to the methods of [[scholastic theology]] and the tradition of Aristotelianism.{{sfn|Baschera|2007|pp=325β326}} Vermigli was the first of the Reformed scholastic theologians, and he influenced later scholastics Theodore Beza and Girolamo Zanchi.{{sfn|Donnelly|1976|p=207}} Vermigli had a profound influence on the English Reformation through his relationship with Thomas Cranmer. Before his contact with Vermigli, Cranmer held Lutheran Eucharistic views. Vermigli seems to have convinced Cranmer to adopt a Reformed view, which changed the course of the English Reformation since Cranmer was primarily responsible for revisions to the Book of Common Prayer and writing the [[Forty-two Articles]].{{sfn|Donnelly|1976|pp=174β175}} Vermigli had a direct role in the modifications of the ''Book of Common Prayer'' of 1552.{{sfnm|Steinmetz|2001|1p=112|James|1998|2p=4}} He is also believed to have contributed to, if not written, the article on predestination found in the Forty-two Articles of Religion of 1553.{{sfn|Neelands|2009|p=374}} In Elizabethan Oxford and Cambridge, Vermigli's theology was arguably more influential than that of Calvin.{{sfn|Kirby|2009|pp=143β144}} His political theology in particular shaped the Elizabethan religious settlement and his authority was constantly invoked in the controversies of this period.{{sfn|Kirby|2009|pp=143β144}} Various of Vermigli's writings were printed about 110 times between 1550 and 1650.{{sfn|Donnelly|1976|p=3}} The 1562 ''Loci Communes'' became a standard textbook in Reformed theological education.{{sfn|Benedict|2002|p=62}} He was popular especially with English readers of theology in the seventeenth century. [[John Milton]] probably consulted his commentary on Genesis when writing ''[[Paradise Lost]]''.{{sfn|Donnelly|1976|p=180}} The English edition of the ''Loci Communes'' was brought to the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] where it was an important textbook at [[Harvard College]].{{sfn|McLelland|2009b|p=488}} More of Vermigli's works were found in the libraries of seventeenth-century [[Harvard Divinity School#History|Harvard divinity students]] than those of Calvin. Vermigli's works were highly regarded by [[New England]] Puritan theologians such as [[John Cotton (minister)|John Cotton]] and [[Cotton Mather]].{{sfn|Donnelly|1976|p=180}}
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