Editing Perugia (section)

=== The Renaissance ===
[[File:Braccio Baglioni, Gonfalone di Benedetto Bonfigli.jpg|thumb|269x269px|Braccio Baglioni, Lord of Perugia from 1438 to 1479.]]

==== [[Baglioni family]] (1438–1540) ====
[[File:Perugia-Towers Benedetto-Bonfigli.jpg|left|thumb|Perugia in 1454]]
During the period 1438–1479, the Baglioni family held a covert lordship over Perugia, which was not characterized by complete control of civic powers. Braccio I Baglioni, leveraging his position as captain of the militias of the [[Holy See]] and being the nephew of Braccio da Montone, the previous Lord of the City, exerted an influence over Perugia that quickly established its supremacy. During those years, the Umbrian center experienced a period of flourishing growth as the Baglioni implemented a policy of expansion and beautification of the city, including the construction of new roads and palaces.[[File:Pietro Perugino cat52a-1.jpg|left|thumb|212x212px|[[Pietro Perugino]], ''self-portrait'']]Between 1429 and 1433, the Palazzo dei Priori was expanded and new churches and private chapels were built. The patronage of the Baglioni attracted artists such as Piero della Francesca, Pinturicchio, and Raphael, making Perugia an important artistic center. During this time, Perugia became a significant hub of the Umbrian Renaissance, marked by the production of the eight panels depicting the life of Saint Bernardino, a collaborative effort probably involving [[Pinturicchio]], [[Piermatteo Lauro de' Manfredi da Amelia|Piermatteo d'Amelia]], and the young [[Pietro Perugino|Perugino]], among others, commonly referred to as the "1473 workshop."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Key to Umbria: Perugia |url=https://www.keytoumbria.com/Perugia/Workshop_of_1473.html |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=www.keytoumbria.com}}</ref> [[Pietro Perugino|Pietro "Perugino" Vannucci]] created numerous works in the city, including a cycle of frescoes in the Hall of Audiences of the [[Collegio del Cambio]].

Additionally, the Baglioni family commissioned the construction of an imposing aristocratic palace as their private residence, of which only the part incorporated into the Rocca Paolina remains today. The palace was decorated by Domenico Veneziano with a painting cycle depicting noble Perugian families and great military leaders of the past.
[[File:Giuseppe-rossi rocca-paolina.jpg|thumb|[[Rocca Paolina]], view of the fortress in a 19th century painting]]
Following mutual atrocities of the Oddi and the Baglioni families, power was at last concentrated in the Baglioni, who though they had no legal position, defied all other authority, though their bloody internal squabbles culminated in a massacre, 14 July 1500.<ref name="touring" /> [[Gian Paolo Baglioni]] was lured to Rome in 1520 and beheaded by [[Pope Leo X|Leo X]]; and in 1540, Rodolfo, who had slain a papal legate, was defeated by [[Pier Luigi Farnese]], and the city, captured and plundered by his soldiery, was deprived of its privileges. A citadel known as the [[Rocca Paolina]], after the name of [[Pope Paul III]], was built, to designs of [[Antonio da Sangallo the Younger]] "''ad coercendam Perusinorum audaciam''."<ref>"to bring to heel the audacious Perugini".</ref>

[[File:Rocca Paolina.jpg|thumb|upright|left|In the [[Rocca Paolina]]]]
In 1797, the city was conquered by French troops. On 4 February 1798, the ''Tiberina Republic'' was formed, with Perugia as capital, and the French [[Flag of France|tricolour]] as flag. In 1799, the Tiberina Republic merged to the [[Roman Republic (18th century)|Roman Republic]].

In 1832, 1838, and 1854, Perugia was hit by earthquakes. Following the collapse of the [[Roman Republic (19th century)|Roman republic of 1848–49]], when the Rocca was in part demolished,<ref name="touring">cf. Touring Club Italiano, ''Guida d'Italia: Umbria'' (1966)</ref> it was seized in May 1849 by the [[Austria]]ns. In June 1859, the inhabitants rebelled against the temporal authority of the pope and established a provisional government, but [[1859 Perugia uprising|the insurrection]] was quashed bloodily by [[Pope Pius IX|Pius IX's]] troops.<ref>cf. [https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/723674962.html?dids=723674962:723674962&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Jul+18%2C+1859&author=&pub=Chicago+Press+and+Tribune&desc=The+Papal+Government+and+Its+Subjects.&pqatl=google ''Chicago Tribune'', Jul 18, 1859] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108061759/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/723674962.html?dids=723674962:723674962&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Jul+18%2C+1859&author=&pub=Chicago+Press+and+Tribune&desc=The+Papal+Government+and+Its+Subjects.&pqatl=google |date=November 8, 2012 }} and [https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/723677712.html?dids=723677712:723677712&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Jul+21%2C+1859&author=&pub=Chicago+Press+and+Tribune&desc=The+Outrge+on+American+at+Perugia---Illness+of+Mrs.+...&pqatl=google "The outrage of the American witnesses in Perugia," ''Chicago Tribune'', Jul 21, 1859] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108061750/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/723677712.html?dids=723677712:723677712&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Jul+21%2C+1859&author=&pub=Chicago+Press+and+Tribune&desc=The+Outrge+on+American+at+Perugia---Illness+of+Mrs.+...&pqatl=google |date=November 8, 2012 }}</ref> In September 1860, the city was united finally, along with the rest of Umbria, as part of the [[Kingdom of Italy]]. During [[World War II]], the city suffered only some damage and was liberated by the [[Eighth Army (United Kingdom)|British 8th army]] on 20 June 1944.<ref>{{cite web|title=Advance to the Gothic Line|url=http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=314|work=World War II Database|access-date=13 May 2014}}</ref>