Editing Penthesilea (section)

=== Art ===

==== Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae ====
[[File:Bassar Frieze 1101.jpg|thumb|right|BM 537 Achilles (left) and Penthesilea (on the ground).]]
[[File:Bell-krater Akhilleus Penthesileia MAN.jpg|thumb|The battle of Achilles and Penthesilea. [[Lucania]]n red-figure bell-[[krater]], late 5th century BC]]
At the [[Temple of Apollo Epicurius]], built in the mid- to late-5th century BC, scenes from the [[Trojan War]] are preserved in the [[Bassae Frieze]], a high relief marble sculpture in 23 panels. Here the Greek army is charged by the Amazons, who gain the upper hand, and at the height of the battle Achilles slays Penthesilea on a slab known as BM 537. Achilles and Penthesilea are flanked by a Greek soldier and an Amazon. Penthesilea is identified as a queen by a crown. Penthesilea, shown on the ground just before being struck, and Achilles are exchanging a gaze.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Frederick A. Cooper |author2=Brian C. Madigan |title=The Temple of Apollo Bassitas: The sculpture |publisher= ASCSA|date=1992 |page=71|isbn=9780876619476 }}</ref> The final slab of the series on the Amazons depicts a truce between the Greek army and the Amazons at the end of the battle.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Frederick A. Cooper |author2=Brian C. Madigan |title=The Temple of Apollo Bassitas: The sculpture |publisher= ASCSA|date=1992 |page=70|isbn=9780876619476 }}</ref>

==== Temple of Zeus at Olympia ====
According to [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], the throne of Zeus at Olympia bore a painting by [[Panaenus]] of the dying Penthesilea being supported by Achilles. Pausanias wrote "And, at the extremity of the painting, is Penthesilea breathing her last, and Achilles supporting her".<ref>{{cite book |author1=Frederick A. Cooper |author2=Brian C. Madigan |title=The Temple of Apollo Bassitas: The sculpture |publisher= ASCSA|date=1992 |page=72|isbn=9780876619476 }}</ref> The motif of Achilles supporting a dying or dead Penthesilea has been preserved at the [[Aphrodisias|Temple of Aphrodisias]] and was reinterpreted in sculptures and mosaics in [[ancient Rome]].<ref name="Adrienne Mayor 2014 300">{{cite book |author=Adrienne Mayor|title=The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World |publisher= Princeton University Press|date=2014 |page=300|isbn=9781400865130 }}</ref>

==== Vase figure ====
A [[Black-figure pottery|black-figure]] vase from about 510–500 BC shows Achilles carrying Penthesilea from the battlefield.<ref name="Adrienne Mayor 2014 300"/>

The subject of Penthesilea was treated so regularly by the so-called [[Penthesilea Painter]], who was active between 470 and 450 BC, that [[Adolf Furtwängler]] dubbed him "The Penthesilea Painter". A considerable corpus for this innovative and prolific painter, whose work bridged the [[Severe style]] and Classicism and must have had a workshop of his own, was rapidly assembled<ref>Mary Hamilton Swindler, "The Penthesilea Master" ''American Journal of Archaeology'' '''19'''.4 (October 1915), pp. 398–417. In the series ''Bilder Griechischen Vasen'' volume 10, edited by Hans Diepolder (1936) is devoted to the Penthesilea-Maler.</ref> in part by [[John Beazley|J.D. Beazley]].