Editing Parma Calcio 1913 (section)

==Support==
[[File:Coat of arms of the House of Farnese.svg|thumb|upright|The [[coat of arms]] of the [[House of Farnese]]&nbsp;– creators of the [[Duchy of Parma]]&nbsp;– whose colours are the inspiration for many of the club's kits|alt=On a yellow shield shape sit six blue fleurs-de-lis in a triangular formation whose tip points downwards.]]
The supporters of Parma are seen as placid fans.<ref>Giulianotti (1999), p. 88</ref> Traditionally, they have been seen as fans who enjoy the spectacle of football and are less partisan, although they have been more characterised by impatience of late.<ref name="Dunford poem"/> The supporters were praised for their loyalty after the club sold more season tickets in 2015 when playing in [[Serie D]] than the previous year in [[Serie A]] following bankruptcy.<ref name="3 straight promotions"/> In [[Northeast Italy]], the team is the fifth best supported, behind [[Inter Milan]], [[Juventus FC|Juventus]], [[A.C. Milan|Milan]] and [[Bologna F.C. 1909|Bologna]], the first three of which are not based in that region.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.demos.it/2010/pdf/143320100924calcio.pdf |date=24 September 2010| work=Demos.it |publisher=Demos & Pi |access-date=23 February 2012|title=Italia, il paese nel pallone|language=it|trans-title=Italy, the country in football}}</ref> They are represented by three main groups: ''il Centro di Coordinamento dei Parma Club'' (which represents most of the fanbase), ''l'Associazione Petitot'' and the club's [[ultras]], ''Boys Parma'', which was established on 3 August 1977 by young fans wanting to split from the Centro di Coordinamento and to encourage meetings with opposition fans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boysparma1977.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=198:breve-riassunto&catid=49:annoperanno&Itemid=75|title=Breve Riassunto|trans-title=Brief Summary|language=it|access-date=19 December 2010|work=BoysParma1977.it|publisher=Boys Parma 1977|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722025418/http://www.boysparma1977.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=198:breve-riassunto&catid=49:annoperanno&Itemid=75|archive-date=22 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Boys Parma occupy the northern end of the home stadium, ''La Curva Nord'', directly opposite to where the away fans sit in the south stand.<ref name="Early history and stadium info"/> In 2008, the Curva Nord was renamed in honour of Boys Parma 1977 member Matteo Bagnaresi, who died when he was run over on the way to the Tardini by a coach which was carrying the opposition [[Juventus]] fans.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2008/mar/31/europeanfootball.sport1|work=[[The Guardian]] | publisher=Guardian News and Media|location=London|first=Nicky|last=Bandini|date=31 March 2008|title=Sadness and censure as violence blights the Scudetto again}}</ref> In a not uncommon practice, the [[Retired numbers in association football#Dedication to fans|number 12 shirt has been reserved]] for the Parma fans, meaning no player is registered to play with that number on his kit for the club. The implication is that the supporters, particularly those of the famous Curva Nord, are the [[12th man (football)|twelfth man]]. The last player to be registered with the number was Gabriele Giroli for the 2002–03 season. Parma's club anthem is ''Il grido di battaglia'', which means "The Battle Cry".<ref>{{cite web|work=TheOffside.com|url=http://parma.theoffside.com/italy/random-parma-video-8-parmas-anthem.html|title=Random Parma Video 8- Parma's Anthem|date=22 January 2008|access-date=29 May 2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715203053/http://parma.theoffside.com/italy/random-parma-video-8-parmas-anthem.html|archive-date=15 July 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Rivalries===
{{Main|Derby dell'Enza|Derby dell'Emilia}}
Parma maintains rivalries with regional and national clubs; some of these are keenly fought [[Local derby|local derbies]]. ''[[Derby dell'Enza]]''{{#tag:ref|''Derby dell'Enza'' translates to ''Enza Derby''. The [[Enza|River Enza]] is an affluence of Italy's longest river, the [[Po (river)|Po]], and forms the boundary of the [[Provinces of Italy|provinces]] of [[Province of Parma|Parma]] and [[Province of Reggio Emilia|Reggio Emilia]].|group=nb}} opponents [[A.C. Reggiana 1919|Reggiana]] are the club's bitterest rivals. The ill-feeling with Reggiana comes from a traditional city rivalry between Parma and [[Reggio Emilia]]. Parma contests the ''[[Derby dell'Emilia]]''{{#tag:ref|''Derby d'Emilia'' would be translated to ''Emilia Derby''. [[Emilia (region of Italy)|Emilia]] is a region that approximately corresponds to the western and north-eastern portions of today's [[Emilia-Romagna]]. The region takes its name from the [[Via Aemilia]], a Roman road in 187 BCE.|group=nb}} with [[Bologna F.C. 1909|Bologna]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.football-italia.net/node/1466|work=Football-Italia.net |publisher=Football Italia|title=Malesani recalls Tardini triumphs|date=19 December 2010|access-date=19 December 2010}}</ref><ref name="derbies">{{cite web|url=http://www.footballderbies.com/index.php?country=2|title=Italy|work=FootballDerbies.com|access-date=13 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327170654/http://footballderbies.com/index.php?country=2|archive-date=27 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bologna and Parma are [[Emilia-Romagna]]'s two most decorated clubs, winning the region's only domestic titles: 7 [[Serie A]] titles and 5 [[Coppa Italia|Coppe Italia]]. Two other local derbies are the ''Derby dei Ducati'',{{#tag:ref|''Derby dei Ducati'' means ''Derby of the Duchies'', the [[duchy|duchies]] in question being those of [[Duchy of Modena and Reggio|Modena and Reggio]] and [[Duchy of Parma|Parma]]. These territories were competing and neighbouring duchies during the [[Renaissance]].|group=nb}} which is contested with neighbours [[Modena F.C.|Modena]], and the ''Derby del Ducato'',{{#tag:ref|''Derby del Ducato'' is the Italian equivalent of ''Derby of the Duchy''. The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 and became the unified Duchies of Parma and Piacenza in 1556.|group=nb}} which is played against [[Piacenza Calcio|Piacenza]].<ref name="derbies"/> Despite their relative obscurity, [[Lombardy|Lombardian]] side [[U.S. Cremonese|Cremonese]] and [[Tuscany|Tuscan]] outfit [[Carrarese Calcio|Carrarese]], to Parma's north and south, respectively, are both seen as rivals too.

Juventus is considered a great rival of Parma largely due to their recent duels, which include Parma's [[1995 UEFA Cup Final|1995 UEFA Cup victory]], its [[1991–92 Coppa Italia|first]] and [[2002 Coppa Italia Final|third Coppa Italia]] triumphs, Supercoppa Italiana defeats in [[1995 Supercoppa Italiana|1995]] and [[1995 Supercoppa Italiana|2002]], and its [[1994–95 Coppa Italia|1995]] domestic cup final defeat to ''The Old Lady''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://parma.theoffside.com/italy/parma-juve-like-a-derby.html | work=TheOffside.com | title=Parma-Juve, Like a Derby | access-date=14 December 2010 | date=8 November 2007 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120719210521/http://parma.theoffside.com/italy/parma-juve-like-a-derby.html | archive-date=19 July 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://juventus.theoffside.com/team-news/the-rivalry-is-back-parma-juventus.html | work=TheOffside.com | title=The Rivalry is Back: Parma-Juventus | access-date=19 August 2011 | date=5 January 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330232924/http://juventus.theoffside.com/team-news/the-rivalry-is-back-parma-juventus.html | archive-date=30 March 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://edicola.linformazione.com/archivio/2011/20111125/37_RE2511.pdf|date=25 November 2011|language=it|title=Riproporre il derby dell'Enza Parma-Reggiana per beneficenza|trans-title=Revival of the Derby dell'Enza Parma-Reggiana for charity|work=L'Informazione|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/65XR4n6tN?url=http://edicola.linformazione.com/archivio/2011/20111125/37_RE2511.pdf|archive-date=18 February 2012}}</ref> These six matches comprise nearly half of the fourteen major finals Parma has participated in. Ironically, Parma's colours have their origins in those Juventus wears, and the switch from white and black to a yellow and blue home kit in the late 1990s took place in order to distance and distinguish Parma from Juventus. Parma maintain keenly fought rivalries with [[Vicenza Calcio|Vicenza]] and [[Genoa C.F.C.|Genoa]].

In Italy, it is common for clubs to be twinned in an arrangement called ''gemellaggi''. This is a practice uncommon elsewhere.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.football-italia.net/node/10880 | publisher=Football Italia | title=Serious about Serie A | access-date=29 August 2011 | first=Scott | last=Fleming | date=26 August 2011 | work=Football-Italia.net}}</ref> Parma enjoy amicable relations with [[Empoli F.C.|Empoli]] in an arrangement that dates back to a game played in foggy conditions in [[1984–85 Serie B|1984]] that ended in the Parma fans congratulating those of Empoli on its win when the full-time whistle was blown without the ''Azzurri'' fans' knowledge.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.football-italia.net/topten/twins.html |work=Football-Italia.net |publisher=Football Italia |title=Top 10: Twinned clubs |access-date=12 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122145755/http://football-italia.net/topten/twins.html |archive-date=22 November 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boysparma1977.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&id=12&Itemid=78|access-date=19 December 2010|title=Empoli|work=BoysParma1977.it|publisher=Boys Parma 1977}}</ref> Perhaps a more current bond is felt towards the fans of [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boysparma1977.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&id=13&Itemid=79|access-date=19 December 2010|title=Sampdoria|work=BoysParma1977.it|publisher=Boys Parma 1977}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gazzettadiparma.it/primapagina/dettaglio/6/149407/Boys_%C3%A8_qui_la_festa_per_il_gemellaggio_Parma-Sampdoria.index.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130218082102/http://www.gazzettadiparma.it/primapagina/dettaglio/6/149407/Boys_%C3%A8_qui_la_festa_per_il_gemellaggio_Parma-Sampdoria.index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 February 2013|title=Boys, è qui la festa per il gemellaggio Parma-Sampdoria|work=Gazzetta di Parma|publisher=Editrice Gazzetta di Parma|location=Parma|trans-title=Boys host the party for the Parma-Sampdoria twinning|language=it|date=6 September 2012}}</ref>