Editing Paris Métro (section)

== Network ==

Since the Métro was built to comprehensively serve the city inside its walls, the stations are very close: {{Convert|548|m}} apart on average, from {{Convert|424|m}} on [[Paris Metro Line 4|Line 4]]{{Sfnp|Tricoire|1999|p=188}} to {{Convert|1158|m|4=0}} on the newer line 14, meaning Paris is densely networked with stations.{{Sfnp|Tricoire|1999|p=330}} The surrounding suburbs are served by later line extensions, thus traffic from one suburb to another must pass through the city (the circular [[Grand Paris Express|line 15]], now under construction, will enable some journeys that do not need to pass through Paris). The slow average speed effectively prohibits service to the greater Paris area.

The Métro is mostly underground ({{convert|225.2|km|disp=or|abbr=on}} of {{convert|245.6|km|disp=or|abbr=on}}). Above-ground sections consist of [[elevated railway]] [[viaduct]]s within Paris (on Lines 1, 2, 5 and 6) and the at-level suburban ends of Lines 1, 5, 8, and 13. The tunnels are relatively close to the surface due to the variable nature of the terrain, which complicates deep digging; exceptions include parts of [[Paris Métro Line 12|Line 12]] under the hill of [[Montmartre]] and line 2 under [[Ménilmontant]]. The tunnels mostly follow the twists and turns of the streets above. During construction in 1900, a [[Minimum railway curve radius|minimum radius of curvature]] of just {{Convert|75|m}} was imposed, but even this low standard was not adhered to at [[Bastille (Paris Métro)|Bastille]] and [[Notre-Dame-de-Lorette (Paris Métro)|Notre-Dame-de-Lorette]].

Like the [[New York City Subway]], and in contrast with the [[London Underground]], the Paris Métro mostly uses two-way tunnels. As in most French metro and tramway systems, trains drive on the right ([[SNCF]] trains run on the left track). The tracks are {{Track gauge|standard|al=on}}. Electric power is supplied by a [[third rail]] which carries 750 [[volts]] [[Direct current|DC]].

The width of the carriages, {{Convert|2.4|m}}, is narrower than that of newer French systems (such as the {{Convert|2.9|m|ftin|adj=on|disp=or}} carriages in Lyon){{sfnp|Tricoire|1999}}<ref name="Lamming">Clive Lamming, ''Métro insolite''</ref> and trains on Lines 1, 4 and 14 have capacities of 600–700 passengers; this is as compared with 2,600 on the Altéo MI 2N trains of RER A. The City of Paris deliberately chose to build narrow Métro tunnels to prevent the running of mainline trains; the city of Paris and the French state had historically poor relations.{{sfnp|Bobrick|1981|p=149}} In contrast to many other historical metro systems (such as New York, Madrid, London, and Boston), all lines have tunnels and operate trains with the same dimensions. Five Paris Métro Lines (1, 4, 6, 11 and 14) run on a rubber tire system developed by the RATP in the 1950s, exported to the [[Montreal Metro|Montreal]], [[Santiago Metro|Santiago]], [[Mexico City Metro|Mexico City]] and [[Lausanne Métro|Lausanne]] metro.

The number of cars in each train varies line by line. The shortest are lines 3bis and 7bis with three-car trains. [[Paris Métro Line 11|Line 11]] ran with four until the summer 2023 when four-car [[MP 59]] trains, the oldest type in service at the time, were gradually replaced by new five-car [[MP 14 (Paris Métro)|MP 14]] trains (at a pace of 3 to 5 new MP 14 every Monday). Lines [[Paris Métro Line 1|1]] and [[Paris Métro Line 4|4]] run six-car trains. [[Paris Metro line 14|Line 14]] currently runs a mix of six and 8-car trains; in the future it will only run 8 cars. All other lines run with five. Two lines, 7 and 13, have branches at the end, and [[Paris Métro Line 10|Line 10]] has a one-way loop. Trains serve every station on each line except when they are closed for renovations.

===Map===
[[File:Carte Métro de Paris.svg|thumb|upright=2|Paris Métro map (July 2024)]]

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=== Opening hours ===
The first train leaves each terminus at 5:30&nbsp;a.m. On some lines additional trains start from an intermediate station. The last train, often called the "balai" (broom) because it sweeps up remaining passengers, arrives at the [[Terminal station|terminus]] at 1:15&nbsp;a.m., except on Fridays (since 7 December 2007),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ratp.fr/common/ressources/1044.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327073742/http://www.ratp.fr/common/ressources/1044.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Press statement from RATP 2 October 2007|archivedate=27 March 2009}}</ref> Saturdays and on nights before a holiday, when the service ends at 2:15&nbsp;a.m.

On [[New Year's Eve]], ''[[Fête de la Musique]]'', ''[[Nuit Blanche]]'' and other events, some stations on Lines 1, 4, 6, 9 and 14 remain open all night.

=== Tickets ===
{{See also|Navigo card}}{{See also |Public transport fares in the Île-de-France}}
[[File:Navigo Easy card.jpg|thumb|Navigo Easy]]
Tickets are sold at staffed counters and at automated machines in the station foyer. Entry to all platforms is via automated gates. There is normally no system to check tickets at the end of the journey, and tickets can be inspected at any point. Exit from all stations is clearly marked as to the point beyond which possession of a ticket is no longer required.

===Facilities===
On 26 June 2012, it was announced that the Métro would get [[Wi-Fi]] in most stations. Access provided would be free, with a premium paid alternative offer proposed for a faster internet connection.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.01net.com/editorial/568481/le-wi-fi-gratuit-arrive-dans-le-metro-parisien|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030091121/http://www.01net.com/editorial/568481/le-wi-fi-gratuit-arrive-dans-le-metro-parisien/|url-status=dead|title=Le Wi-Fi gratuit arrive dans le métro parisien|archivedate=30 October 2012}}</ref> As of 2020, the entire RATP network was connected with 4G service, including within tunnels.<ref>{{cite web |title=L'ensemble du réseau RATP équipé en très haut débit mobile par les opérateurs de téléphonie mobile – Travaux {{!}} RATP |url=https://www.ratp.fr/groupe-ratp/newsroom/travaux/lensemble-du-reseau-ratp-equipe-en-tres-haut-debit-mobile-par-les |website=www.ratp.fr |access-date=2 June 2022 |language=French |archive-date=2 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602184554/https://www.ratp.fr/groupe-ratp/newsroom/travaux/lensemble-du-reseau-ratp-equipe-en-tres-haut-debit-mobile-par-les |url-status=live }}</ref> The automated [[Paris Métro Line 1|Line 1]], [[Paris Métro Line 4|Line 4]] and [[Paris Métro Line 14|Line 14]] – as well as some congested stations on [[Paris Métro Line 13|Line 13]] – have [[platform edge door]]s ('porte palière') separating the tracks from the platform.

==== Accessibility ====
Less than 10 per cent of Paris’s metro system is [[Accessibility|wheelchair accessible]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rucker |first=Sam |date=2024-08-28 |title=How disabled access to public transport compares in the UK and across Europe |url=https://inews.co.uk/news/paris-metro-worst-western-europe-wheelchair-access-3249960 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=The i Paper |language=en-US}}</ref> ranking it as worst metro system in the world for accessibility.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lise |date=2021-01-22 |title=A World Tour of Best Practices to Enhance Subway Accessibility |url=https://www.inclusivecitymaker.com/world-tour-best-practices-subway-accessible-summary-french-study/ |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Inclusive City Maker |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2017 |title=No entry: Why is the Paris Metro still out of bounds for disabled people? |url=https://www.thelocal.fr/20171206/why-the-paris-metro-is-terrible-for-people-with-disabilities/ |access-date=26 June 2022 |website=The Local France |language=en-US |archive-date=8 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208203639/https://www.thelocal.fr/20171206/why-the-paris-metro-is-terrible-for-people-with-disabilities/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=26 October 2018 |title=As 2024 Olympics and Paralympics Approach, Paris's Metro Is Mostly Off-Limits to the Disabled |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-26/paris-s-metro-says-more-disability-access-is-too-costly |access-date=26 June 2022 |archive-date=11 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011081308/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-26/paris-s-metro-says-more-disability-access-is-too-costly |url-status=live }}</ref> The 20 stations of [[Paris Métro Line 14|Line 14]] (which first opened in 1998) are fully accessible, and all line extensions since 1992 have included lifts at the new stations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Le plan des stations de notre réseau, accessibles aux Personnes à Mobilité Réduite (PMR) {{!}} RATP |url=https://www.ratp.fr/services-aux-voyageurs/plan-des-stations-accessibles-pmr |access-date=26 June 2022 |website=www.ratp.fr |language=fr |archive-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802093429/https://www.ratp.fr/services-aux-voyageurs/plan-des-stations-accessibles-pmr |url-status=live }}</ref> By 2025, 23 stations on the Métro will be accessible, following extensions to existing lines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Le plan des stations de notre réseau, accessibles aux Personnes à Mobilité Réduite (PMR) {{!}} RATP |url=https://www.ratp.fr/services-aux-voyageurs/plan-des-stations-accessibles-pmr |access-date=26 June 2022 |website=www.ratp.fr |language=fr |quote=D'ici 2025, un total de 23 nouvelles stations accessibles: Des prolongements accessibles dès le renouvellement des rames sur la Ligne 4 (2 stations), la Ligne 11 (6 stations), la Ligne 12 (2 stations). De plus, pour chacun des prolongements 2 stations existantes rendues accessibles. |archive-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802093429/https://www.ratp.fr/services-aux-voyageurs/plan-des-stations-accessibles-pmr |url-status=live }}</ref> The four new lines of the [[Grand Paris Express]] will also be fully accessible.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adapted public transport Adapted metros in the Paris area |url=https://en.parisinfo.com/what-to-see-in-paris/visiting-paris-with-a-disability/info/guides/transport-and-disability-getting-around-paris/adapted-public-transport/adapted-metros-in-the-paris-area |access-date=26 June 2022 |website=Office de tourisme Paris |archive-date=5 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005014656/https://en.parisinfo.com/what-to-see-in-paris/visiting-paris-with-a-disability/info/guides/transport-and-disability-getting-around-paris/adapted-public-transport/adapted-metros-in-the-paris-area |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2019 |title=Tout savoir sur l'accessibilité du nouveau métro |url=https://www.societedugrandparis.fr/gpe/actualite/tout-savoir-sur-laccessibilite-du-nouveau-metro-2767 |access-date=26 June 2022 |website=Société du Grand Paris |language=fr |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118180222/https://www.societedugrandparis.fr/gpe/actualite/tout-savoir-sur-laccessibilite-du-nouveau-metro-2767 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The {{Interlanguage link|Law on Equal Rights and Opportunities, Participation and Citizenship of Persons with Disabilities of 2005|fr|Loi pour l'égalité des droits et des chances, la participation et la citoyenneté des personnes handicapées}} does not require the Métro to be made accessible.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=de Fortanier |first=Diane |date=16 July 2014 |title=Accessibilité : le métro parisien à la traîne |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2014/07/16/01016-20140716ARTFIG00330-accessibilite-le-metro-parisien-a-la-traine.php |access-date=26 June 2022 |website=LEFIGARO |language=fr |archive-date=26 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626112513/https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2014/07/16/01016-20140716ARTFIG00330-accessibilite-le-metro-parisien-a-la-traine.php |url-status=live }}</ref> RATP estimates that retrofitting the network would cost between 4 and 6 billion euros, and that certain stations would remain impossible to retrofit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Handicap.fr |title=Accessibilité : le métro qui valait quatre milliards ! |url=https://informations.handicap.fr/a-accessibilite-metro-parisien-6854.php |access-date=26 June 2022 |website=Handicap.fr |date=May 2014 |language=fr |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628175444/https://informations.handicap.fr/a-accessibilite-metro-parisien-6854.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> {{As of|2022}}, there were no plans to retrofit existing stations with lifts.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Balluffier |first=Asia |date=3 December 2017 |title=Pourquoi le métro parisien est-il l'un des pires du monde pour les personnes handicapées? |language=fr-FR |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/video/2017/12/03/pourquoi-le-metro-parisien-est-il-l-un-des-pires-du-monde-pour-les-handicapes_5223906_3224.html |access-date=26 June 2022}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> RATP notes that [[Buses in Paris|buses]] and [[Tramways in Île-de-France|trams]] in Paris are fully accessible, and many [[Paris RER|RER]] & [[Transilien]] stations are accessible.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Network accessibility {{!}} RATP |url=https://www.ratp.fr/en/accessibility/network-accessibility |access-date=26 June 2022 |website=www.ratp.fr}}</ref>