Editing Ore (section)

== Hazards ==
{{Main|Environmental effects of mining}}
Some ores contain [[heavy metals]], toxins, [[radioactive isotopes]] and other potentially negative compounds which may pose a risk to the environment or health. The exact effects an ore and its tailings have is dependent on the minerals present. Tailings of particular concern are those of older mines, as containment and remediation methods in the past were next to non-existent, leading to high levels of leaching into the surrounding environment.<ref name="Wills-2015" /> [[Mercury (element)|Mercury]] and [[arsenic]] are two ore related elements of particular concern.<ref name="Franks">{{cite journal|last1=Franks|first1=DM|last2=Boger|first2=DV|last3=Côte|first3=CM|last4=Mulligan|first4=DR|year=2011|title=Sustainable Development Principles for the Disposal of Mining and Mineral Processing Wastes|journal=Resources Policy|volume=36|number=2|pages=114–122|doi=10.1016/j.resourpol.2010.12.001 |bibcode=2011RePol..36..114F }}</ref> Additional elements found in ore which may have adverse health affects in organisms include iron, lead, uranium, zinc, silicon, titanium, sulfur, nitrogen, platinum, and chromium.<ref name="da Silva-Rêgo-2022">{{Cite journal |last1=da Silva-Rêgo |first1=Leonardo Lucas |last2=de Almeida |first2=Leonardo Augusto |last3=Gasparotto |first3=Juciano |date=2022 |title=Toxicological effects of mining hazard elements |journal=Energy Geoscience |language=en |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=255–262 |doi=10.1016/j.engeos.2022.03.003|bibcode=2022EneG....3..255D |s2cid=247735286 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Exposure to these elements may result in respiratory and cardiovascular problems and neurological issues.<ref name="da Silva-Rêgo-2022" /> These are of particular danger to aquatic life if dissolved in water.<ref name="Wills-2015" /> Ores such as those of sulphide minerals may severely increase the acidity of their immediate surroundings and of water, with numerous, long lasting impacts on ecosystems.<ref name="Wills-2015" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mestre |first1=Nélia C. |last2=Rocha |first2=Thiago L. |last3=Canals |first3=Miquel |last4=Cardoso |first4=Cátia |last5=Danovaro |first5=Roberto |last6=Dell’Anno |first6=Antonio |last7=Gambi |first7=Cristina |last8=Regoli |first8=Francesco |last9=Sanchez-Vidal |first9=Anna |last10=Bebianno |first10=Maria João |date=September 2017 |title=Environmental hazard assessment of a marine mine tailings deposit site and potential implications for deep-sea mining |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S026974911632574X |journal=Environmental Pollution |language=en |volume=228 |pages=169–178 |doi=10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.027|pmid=28531798 |bibcode=2017EPoll.228..169M |hdl=10400.1/10388 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> When water becomes contaminated it may transport these compounds far from the tailings site, greatly increasing the affected range.<ref name="da Silva-Rêgo-2022" />

Uranium ores and those containing other radioactive elements may pose a significant threat if leaving occurs and isotope concentration increases above background levels. Radiation can have severe, long lasting environmental impacts and cause irreversible damage to living organisms.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kamunda |first1=Caspah |last2=Mathuthu |first2=Manny |last3=Madhuku |first3=Morgan |date=2016-01-18 |title=An Assessment of Radiological Hazards from Gold Mine Tailings in the Province of Gauteng in South Africa |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=138 |doi=10.3390/ijerph13010138 |issn=1660-4601 |pmc=4730529 |pmid=26797624|doi-access=free }}</ref>