Editing Olivia de Havilland (section)

==Personal life==
===Relationships===
Although known as one of Hollywood's most exciting on-screen couples,<ref name="tcm-bio"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland and Errol Flynn were never involved in a romantic relationship.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/> Upon first meeting her at Warner Bros. in August 1935, 26-year-old Flynn was drawn to the 19-year-old actress with "warm brown eyes" and "extraordinary charm".{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} In turn, de{{nbsp}}Havilland fell in love with him,<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|In 2009, de{{nbsp}}Havilland said, "Yes, we did fall in love and I believe that this is evident in the screen chemistry between us. But his circumstances at the time prevented the relationship going further. I have not talked about it a great deal, but the relationship was not consummated. Chemistry was there, though. It was there."<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>|group=Note}} but kept her feelings to herself. Flynn later wrote, "By the time we made ''The Charge of the Light Brigade'', I was sure that I was in love with her."{{sfn|Flynn|2002|p=208}} Flynn finally professed his love on March 12, 1937, at the [[coronation of George VI|coronation ball]] for King [[George VI]] at the [[Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles)|Ambassador Hotel]] in Los Angeles, where they [[slow dance]]d together to "[[Sweet Leilani]]" at the hotel's Coconut Grove nightclub.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=52–53}} "I was deeply affected by him," she later remembered, "It was impossible for me not to be."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} The evening ended on a sobering note, however, with de{{nbsp}}Havilland insisting that despite his separation from his wife [[Lili Damita]], he needed to divorce her before their relationship could proceed.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=55}} Flynn re-united with his wife later that year,{{sfn|Matzen|2010|pp=65–66}} and de{{nbsp}}Havilland never acted on her feelings for Flynn.<ref name="telegraph-leach"/>{{#tag:ref|During the making of ''Robin Hood'' in November 1937, de Havilland decided to tease Flynn who was being watched closely on the set by his wife. In 2005, de Havilland said, "And so we had one kissing scene, which I looked forward to with great delight. I remember I blew every take, at least six in a row, maybe seven, maybe eight, and we had to kiss all over again. And Errol Flynn got really rather uncomfortable, and he had, if I may say so, a little trouble with his tights."{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}}|group=Note}}

In July 1938, de{{nbsp}}Havilland began dating business tycoon, aviator, and filmmaker [[Howard Hughes]],{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} who had just completed his record-setting flight around the world in 91 hours.<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/> In addition to escorting her about town, he gave the actress her first flying lessons.{{sfn|Matzen|2010|p=72}} She later said, "He was a rather shy man ... and yet, in a whole community where the men every day played heroes on the screen and didn't do anything heroic in life, here was this man who was a real hero."<ref name="academy-of-achievement"/>

In December 1939, she began a romantic relationship with actor [[James Stewart]]. At the request of [[Irene Mayer Selznick]], the actor's agent asked Stewart to escort de{{nbsp}}Havilland to the New York premiere of ''Gone with the Wind'' at the Astor Theater on December 19, 1939. Over the next few days, Stewart took her to the theater several times and to the [[21 Club]].{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=137}} They continued to see each other back in Los Angeles, where Stewart provided occasional flying lessons and romance.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} According to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, Stewart proposed marriage to her in 1940, but she felt that he was not ready to settle down.{{sfn|Fishgall|1997|p=138}} Their relationship ended in late 1941 when de{{nbsp}}Havilland began a romantic relationship with film director [[John Huston]] while making ''In This Our Life''.{{sfnm|1a1=Fishgall|1y=1997|1p=148|2a1=Meyers|2y=2011|2p=85}} "John was a very great love of mine", she later said, "He was a man I wanted to marry."{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=87}}{{#tag:ref|On April 29, 1945, at the home of producer David O. Selznick, Huston, who knew about de Havilland's three-year crush on Flynn, confronted the Australian actor{{nsmdns}}who suffered from tuberculosis{{nsmdns}}about his not serving in the military during the war.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}} When Flynn responded by alluding to his former "relationship" with de Havilland, Huston initiated an extended fistfight with the expert amateur boxer which landed them both in the hospital.{{sfn|Meyers|2011|p=89}}|group=Note}}

===Marriages and children===
[[File:Olivia de Havilland with son Benjamin c. 1952.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|alt=Smiling while holding her son in her arms|With her son, Benjamin, {{circa|1952}}]]
On August 26, 1946, she married [[Marcus Goodrich]], a U.S. Navy veteran, journalist, and author of the novel ''Delilah'' (1941).{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=38}} De Hallivand filed for divorce in 1953, writing in her suit that Goodrich had "pursued a course of cruel treatment" and had "wrongfully inflicted upon her grievous physical and mental suffering, all without provocation or any excuse whatsoever."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allen |first=Paula |date=2020-08-29 |title=Late "Gone with the Wind" star's husband, family had deep roots in San Antonio |url=https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Late-Gone-with-the-Wind-star-s-husband-15524513.php |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=San Antonio Express-News}}</ref>{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=41}} They had one child, Benjamin Goodrich, who was born on September 27, 1949.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=40}} Benjamin was diagnosed with [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]] at the age of 19<ref name="tcm-bio"/> and graduated from the University of Texas. He worked as a statistical analyst for [[Lockheed Missiles and Space Company]] in [[Sunnyvale, California]], and as an international banking representative for the [[Texas Commerce Bank]] in Houston.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> He died on September 29, 1991, in Paris at the age of 42 of heart disease brought on by treatments for Hodgkin's disease, three weeks before the death of his father.<ref name="nytimes-honan"/><ref name="reel-bio"/>

On April 2, 1955, de{{nbsp}}Havilland married Pierre Galante, an executive editor for the magazine ''[[Paris Match]]''.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|pp=41–42}} Her marriage to Galante prompted her relocation to Paris. The couple separated in 1962 for undisclosed reasons but continued to live in the same house for another six years to raise their daughter together.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}}<ref name="philly-rickey"/><ref name="people-vespa"/> Galante moved across the street and the two remained close, even after the divorce was finalized in 1979.<ref name="philly-rickey"/> She looked after him during his final bout with lung cancer prior to his death in 1998. They had one child, Gisèle Galante, who was born on July 18, 1956.{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=42}} After studying law at the [[Paris Nanterre University]] School of Law, she worked as a journalist in France and the United States.<ref name="tcm-bio"/> From 1956, de{{nbsp}}Havilland lived in a three-storey house near the Bois de Boulogne in Paris.<ref name="latimes-tartaglione"/>

===Religion and politics===
De{{nbsp}}Havilland was raised in the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] and remained an Episcopalian throughout her life.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/>{{#tag:ref|In a 2015 interview, de Havilland stated that her religious beliefs had lapsed in her adult years, but that she regained her faith when her son was ill. Her renewed faith inspired her sister to return to the Episcopal Church.<ref name="variety-stadiem-notorious"/>|group=Note}} In the 1970s, she became one of the first women [[lector]]s at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]], where she was on the regular rota for Scripture readings. As recently as 2012, she was doing readings on major [[Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)|feast days]],<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> including Christmas and Easter. "It's a task I love", she once said.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In describing her preparation for her readings, she once observed, "You have to convey the deep meaning, you see, and it has to start with your own faith. But first, I always pray. I pray before I start to prepare, as well. In fact, I would always say a prayer before shooting a scene, so this is not so different, in a way."<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> De{{nbsp}}Havilland preferred to use the [[Revised English Bible]] for its poetic style.<ref name="anglicans-whalon"/> She raised her son, Benjamin, in the Episcopal Church and her daughter, Gisèle, in the [[Roman Catholic Church]], the faith of each child's father.{{sfn|De Havilland|1962|pp=103–104}}

As a United States citizen,<ref name="cnn-facts"/> de{{nbsp}}Havilland became involved in politics as a way of exercising her civic responsibilities.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> She campaigned for [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s ultimately successful reelection bid in 1944.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> After the war, she joined the [[Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences and Professions]], a national public-policy advocacy group that included [[Bette Davis]], [[Gregory Peck]], [[Groucho Marx]], and [[Humphrey Bogart]] in its Hollywood chapter.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/> In June 1946, she was asked to deliver speeches for the committee that reflected the [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]] line, and the group was later alleged to be a [[communist front]] organization.{{sfn|Billingsley|1998|pp=123–124}} Disturbed at seeing a small group of communist members manipulating the committee, she removed the pro-communist material from her speeches and rewrote them to reflect Democratic president [[Harry S. Truman]]'s anti-communist platform. She later recalled, "I realized a nucleus of people was controlling the organization without a majority of the members of the board being aware of it. And I knew they had to be Communists."<ref name="wsj-meroney"/>

She organized a fight to regain control of the committee from its pro-Soviet leadership, but her reform efforts failed. Her resignation from the committee triggered a wave of resignations by 11 other Hollywood figures, including future president [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref name="wsj-meroney"/>{{#tag:ref|Reagan was a relatively new board member when he was invited to join 10 other film-industry colleagues, including MGM studio head [[Dore Schary]], for a meeting at de{{nbsp}}Havilland's house where he first learned that Communists were trying to gain control of the committee.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|p=112}} During the meeting, he turned to de{{nbsp}}Havilland, who was on the executive committee, and whispered, "You know, Olivia, I always thought ''you'' might be one of them." Laughing, she responded, "That's funny. I thought ''you'' were one of them." Reagan suggested they propose a resolution at the next meeting that included language reaffirmed the committee's "belief in free enterprise and the Democratic system" and repudiated "Communism as desirable for the United States"{{nsmdns}}the executive committee voted it down the following week.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|pp=112–113}} Shortly afterwards, the committee disbanded, only to resurface as a newly named front organization.{{sfn|Reagan|1990|p=112}} Despite organising Hollywood resistance to Soviet influence, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was denounced later that year as a "[[Pinko|swimming-pool pink]]" in ''Time'' magazine for her involvement in the committee.{{sfn|Gottfried|2002|p=146}}|group=Note}} In 1958, she was secretly called before the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] and recounted her experiences with the Independent Citizens' Committee.<ref name="wsj-meroney"/>

===Relationship with Joan Fontaine===
[[File:Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|left|alt=Joan Fontaine and Gary Cooper holding Oscars|Joan Fontaine and [[Gary Cooper]] at the Academy Awards, 1942]]
De Havilland and her sister [[Joan Fontaine]] are the only siblings to have each won Academy Awards in a lead acting category.<ref name="time-berman"/> According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], the sisters always had an uneasy relationship, starting in early childhood when Olivia had trouble accepting the idea of having a younger sister and Joan resented that her mother favored Olivia. Olivia would tear the clothes that her sister was given to wear as hand-me-downs, forcing Joan to stitch them together again.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> This tension was made worse by Fontaine's frequent childhood illnesses, which led to her mother's overly protective expression "Livvie can, Joan can't."{{sfn|Thomas|1983|p=24}} De{{nbsp}}Havilland was the first to become an actress, and for several years Fontaine was overshadowed by her sister's accomplishments. When [[Mervyn LeRoy]] offered Fontaine a personal contract, her mother told her that Warner Bros. was "Olivia's studio" and that she could not use the family name of de{{nbsp}}Havilland.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=72}}

In 1942, de{{nbsp}}Havilland and Fontaine were both nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress{{nsmdns}}de{{nbsp}}Havilland for ''[[Hold Back the Dawn]]'' and Fontaine for ''[[Suspicion (1941 film)|Suspicion]]''. When Fontaine's name was announced as winner, de{{nbsp}}Havilland reacted graciously saying "We've got it!"{{sfn|Kass|1976|p=69}} According to biographer [[Charles Higham (biographer)|Charles Higham]], Fontaine rejected de{{nbsp}}Havilland's attempts to congratulate her, leaving de{{nbsp}}Havilland offended and embarrassed.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}}

Their relationship was strained further in 1946 when Fontaine made negative comments to an interviewer about de{{nbsp}}Havilland's new husband Marcus Goodrich. When she read her sister's remarks, de{{nbsp}}Havilland was deeply hurt and waited for an apology that was never offered.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The following year after accepting her first Academy Award for ''To Each His Own'', de{{nbsp}}Havilland was approached backstage by Fontaine, who extended her hand to congratulate her; de{{nbsp}}Havilland turned away from her sister.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> The two did not speak for the next five years.{{#tag:ref|In 1957, in the only interview in which she ever commented on her relationship with her sister, de{{nbsp}}Havilland told the Associated Press "Joan is very bright and sharp and has a wit that can be cutting. She said some things about Marcus that hurt me deeply. She was aware there was an estrangement between us."<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>|group=Note}} This may have caused an estrangement between Fontaine and her own daughters, who maintained a covert relationship with their aunt.{{sfn|Higham|1984|p=257}}

Following her divorce from Goodrich, de{{nbsp}}Havilland resumed contact with her sister,<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/> visiting Fontaine's New York apartment and spending Christmas together in 1961.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/><ref name="getty-galella"/> The final break between the sisters occurred in 1975 over disagreements regarding their mother's cancer treatment; de{{nbsp}}Havilland wanted to consult other doctors and supported exploratory surgery but Fontaine disagreed.{{sfn|Fontaine|1978|p=298}} Fontaine later claimed that de{{nbsp}}Havilland had not notified her of their mother's death while she was touring with a play, but de{{nbsp}}Havilland had in fact sent a telegram, which took two weeks to reach her sister.<ref name="independent-cornwell"/> However, according to Fontaine in a 1979 interview with the CBC, de Havilland did not bother to phone to find out where she could be reached. The sibling feud lasted until Fontaine's death on December 15, 2013.<ref name="hr-feinberg-feud"/>{{#tag:ref|Fontaine once remarked, "I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be livid because I beat her to it!"<ref name="wp-bernstein"/>|group=Note}} The following day, de{{nbsp}}Havilland released a statement saying that she was "shocked and saddened" by the news.<ref name="cbsnews-djansezian-shocked"/>

=== Death ===
De Havilland died in her sleep of natural causes at her home in Paris on July 26, 2020, at the age of 104.{{refn|group=Note|De Havilland's publicist, Lisa Goldberg, confirmed that she had died of natural causes in her sleep on Sunday, July 26, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Lee |last1=Smith |first2=Chuck |last2=Johnston |title=Olivia de Havilland, star of 'Gone With the Wind,' dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |publisher=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/26/entertainment/olivia-de-havilland-dies/index.html |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref> However, due to the wording of some of the announcements (such as her former lawyer Suzelle M. Smith stating de Havilland had died "last night"<ref>{{Cite web |first=Tim |last=Gray |title=Olivia de Havilland, 'Gone With the Wind' Star, Dies at 104 |date=July 26, 2020 |work=Variety |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/olivia-de-havilland-dead-died-gone-with-the-wind-1234716790/ |access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref>) some media outlets misreported the date of death as the 25th.<ref name="EW-104">{{Cite magazine|last=Staskiewicz|first=Keith|date=July 26, 2020|title='Gone With the Wind' star Olivia de Havilland dies at 104|url=https://ew.com/movies/gone-with-the-wind-star-olivia-de-havilland-dies-at-104/|access-date=July 26, 2020|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref>}} Her funeral was held on August 1, 2020, at the [[American Cathedral in Paris]]. After cremation, her ashes were placed in the crematorium-columbarium of [[Père-Lachaise]], in an urn later to be transferred to a family burial place on the British island of [[Guernsey]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arlin |first1=Marc |date=August 7, 2020 |title=Mort d'Olivia de Havilland : ses obsèques se sont déroulées dans la plus stricte intimité |language=fr |work=Télé-Loisirs |url=https://www.programme-tv.net/news/cinema/258662-mort-dolivia-de-havilland-ses-obseques-se-sont-deroulees-dans-la-plus-stricte-intimite/ |access-date=August 26, 2020}}</ref>