Editing Ohio (section)

==Geography==
{{Further|List of Ohio counties|List of cities in Ohio|List of villages in Ohio|List of Ohio townships|Ohio public lands|List of lakes in Ohio}}
[[File:Geographic regions ohio.svg|thumb|Geographic regions of Ohio]]

Ohio's location has proven to be an asset for economic growth and expansion. Because it links the Northeast to the Midwest, much cargo and business traffic passes through its borders along its well-developed highways. Ohio has the nation's 10th-largest highway network and is within a one-day drive of 50% of North America's population and 70% of North America's manufacturing capacity.<ref>{{Cite web |archive-date=January 24, 2008 |url=http://www.dot.state.oh.us/budget/Feb12-03/TransDelivers2-12.asp |place=Ohio |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124091721/http://www.dot.state.oh.us/budget/Feb12-03/TransDelivers2-12.asp |date=February 12, 2003 |title=Transportation delivers for Ohio |publisher=Department of Transportation |access-date=December 22, 2005}}</ref> To the north, Ohio has {{convert|312|mi|km}} of coastline with Lake Erie,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ohiodnr.com/Home/about/counties/tabid/18020/Default.aspx |title=Ohio Coastal Counties |publisher=Department of Natural Resources |place=Ohio |access-date=September 3, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830020758/http://ohiodnr.com/Home/about/counties/tabid/18020/Default.aspx |archive-date=August 30, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> which allows for numerous cargo ports such as Cleveland and Toledo. Ohio's southern border is defined by the [[Ohio River]]. Ohio's neighbors are [[Pennsylvania]] to the east, [[Michigan]] to the northwest, [[Lake Erie]] to the north, [[Indiana]] to the west, [[Kentucky]] on the south, and [[West Virginia]] on the southeast. Ohio's borders were defined by [[metes and bounds]] in the [[Enabling Act of 1802]] as follows:
{{blockquote |Bounded on the east by the Pennsylvania line, on the south by the Ohio River, to the mouth of the [[Great Miami River]], on the west by the line drawn due north from the mouth of the Great Miami aforesaid, and on the north by an east and west line drawn through the southerly extreme of [[Lake Michigan]], running east after intersecting the due north line aforesaid, from the mouth of the Great Miami until it shall intersect Lake Erie or the territorial line, and thence with the same through Lake Erie to the Pennsylvania line aforesaid.}}

{{multiple image
 | direction = vertical
 | total_width = 230
 | image1 = PEVI-view-of-Put-in-Bay.jpg
 | caption1 = [[Put-in-Bay, Ohio|Put-in-Bay]] is located on [[South Bass Island]], one of Ohio's [[List of Lake Erie Islands|Lake Erie Islands]].
 | image2 = Ohio River (north of Powhatan Point, Ohio, USA) 1 (29220184564).jpg
 | caption2 = The [[Ohio River]] marks the state's southern and eastern borders with [[Kentucky]] and [[West Virginia]].
}}

Ohio is bounded by the Ohio River, but nearly all of the river belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia. In 1980, the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] held that, based on the wording of the cessation of territory by [[Virginia]] (which at the time included what is now Kentucky and West Virginia), the boundary between Ohio and Kentucky (and, by implication, West Virginia) is the northern low-water mark of the river as it existed in 1792.<ref name="Ohio_v_Kentucky">{{Cite web | url = http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=444&invol=335 | publisher = Find law | title = Ohio v. Kentucky, 444 U.S. 335 | date = January 21, 1980 | access-date = August 15, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140828231503/http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=444&invol=335 | archive-date = August 28, 2014 | url-status = live }}</ref> Ohio has only that portion of the river between the river's 1792 low-water mark and the present high-water mark. The border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the [[Toledo War]], to angle slightly northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River.

Much of Ohio features [[Glacial till plains (Ohio)|glaciated till plains]], with an exceptionally flat area in the northwest being known as the [[Great Black Swamp]]. This glaciated region in the northwest and central state is bordered to the east and southeast first by a belt known as the [[glaciated Allegheny Plateau]], and then by another belt known as the [[unglaciated Allegheny Plateau]]. Most of Ohio is of low relief, but the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau [[Appalachian Ohio|features rugged hills and forests]].

Ohio's rugged southeastern quadrant, stretching in an outward bow-like arc along the Ohio River from the West [[Northern Panhandle of West Virginia|Virginia Panhandle]] to the outskirts of Cincinnati, forms a distinct [[Socioeconomics|socioeconomic]] unit. Geologically similar to parts of West Virginia and southwestern Pennsylvania, this area's coal mining legacy, dependence on small pockets of old manufacturing establishments, and distinctive regional dialect set this section off from the rest of the state. In 1965, Congress passed the [[Appalachian Regional Development Act]], an attempt to "address the persistent poverty and growing economic despair of the Appalachian Region".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arc.gov/index.do?nodeId=7 |title=History of the Appalachian Regional Commission |publisher=[[Appalachian Regional Commission]] |access-date=January 3, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051222133844/http://www.arc.gov/index.do?nodeId=7 |archive-date=December 22, 2005 }}</ref> It defines 29 Ohio counties as part of Appalachia.<ref>[http://www.arc.gov/index.do?nodeId=27 "Counties in Appalachia"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917184038/http://www.arc.gov/index.do?nodeId=27 |date=September 17, 2008 }}, Appalachian Regional Commission. Retrieved January 3, 2006.</ref> While 1/3 of Ohio's land mass is part of the federally defined Appalachian region, only 12.8% of Ohioans live there (1.476&nbsp;million people.)<ref>[https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/searchresults.xhtml?refresh=t "GCT-T1 Ohio County Population Estimates—2005"]{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, The United States Census Bureau, retrieved January 3, 2006. True summation of Ohio Appalachia counties population (1,476,384) obtained by adding the 29 individual county populations together (July 1, 2005, data). Percentage obtained by dividing that number into that table's estimate of Ohio population as of July 1, 2005 (11,464,042)</ref>

Significant Ohio rivers include the [[Cuyahoga River]], [[Great Miami River]], [[Maumee River]], [[Muskingum River]], and [[Scioto River]]. The rivers in northern Ohio drain into the northern Atlantic Ocean via [[Lake Erie]] and the [[St. Lawrence River]], and those in southern Ohio drain into the [[Gulf of Mexico]] via the [[Ohio River]] and the [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]]. Ohio also includes [[Bass Islands]] and [[Kelleys Island, Ohio|Kelleys Island]].<ref name="Law2015">{{cite book|author=Gwillim Law|title=Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=nXCeCQAAQBAJ|accessdate=October 26, 2023|date=May 20, 2015|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-1-4766-0447-3|page=396}}</ref> [[Grand Lake St. Marys]] in the west-central part of the state was constructed as a supply of water for [[canal]]s in the canal-building era of 1820–1850. This body of water, over {{convert|20|sqmi|km2}}, was the largest artificial lake in the world when completed in 1845.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.stmarysdevelops.com/life-in-st-marys/history |website=St. Marys Develops |access-date=February 24, 2021 |archive-date=March 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302112728/http://stmarysdevelops.com/life-in-st-marys/history |url-status=live }}</ref> [[:Category:Canals in Ohio|Ohio's canal-building projects]] were not the economic fiasco that similar efforts were in other states. Some cities, such as Dayton, owe their industrial emergence to their location on canals, and as late as 1910 interior canals carried much of the bulk freight of the state.

Areas under the protection of the [[National Park Service]] include [[Cuyahoga Valley National Park]], [[Hopewell Culture National Historical Park]], [[Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park]], [[First Ladies National Historic Site]], [[James A. Garfield National Historic Site]], [[William Howard Taft National Historic Site]], and the [[Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers National Monument]] and [[Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/state/oh/index.htm |title=Ohio |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=July 24, 2024 }}</ref>

===Fauna===
[[File:Hellbender Cryptobranchus.jpg|thumb|[[Hellbender|Eastern Hellbender]] in captivity]]

Ohio has wide variety of unique animal species. Rare and endangered species include the [[Hellbender|Eastern Hellbender]], which is found in the Southeastern Appalachian region of Ohio and is classified as state endangered.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EASTERN HELLBENDER |url=https://ohiodnr.gov/discover-and-learn/animals/reptiles-amphibians/eastern-hellbender |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=Ohio Department of Natural Resources |archive-date=March 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321061019/https://ohiodnr.gov/discover-and-learn/animals/reptiles-amphibians/eastern-hellbender |url-status=live }}</ref> The Eastern Hellbender is the 3rd largest [[amphibian]] in the world, and can grow up to 27 inches in length. It is fully aquatic and breathes almost entirely through its skin. Due to this, it is only found in pristine, cool, clear, fast flowing streams and rivers. It is highly threatened by [[Habitat destruction|habitat loss]], [[Water pollution in the United States|water pollution]], and [[sedimentation]] due to logging and other human activities.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/59077/82473431 |title=Cryptobranchus alleganiensis: IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T59077A82473431 |last=IUCN |date=2021-07-15 |publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature |doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-2.rlts.t59077a82473431.en |access-date=30 November 2023 |language=en |doi-access=free |archive-date=January 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120114609/https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/59077/82473431 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Climate===
{{See also|Climate change in Ohio}}
[[File:Köppen Climate Types Ohio.png|thumb|[[Köppen climate classification|Köppen climate types]] of Ohio, using 1991–2020 [[Climatological normal|climate normals]].]]

The climate of Ohio is a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfa/Dfb'') throughout most of the state, except in the extreme southern counties of Ohio's [[Bluegrass region]] section, which are located on the northern periphery of the [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cfa'') and [[Upland South]] region of the United States. Summers are typically hot and humid throughout the state, while winters generally range from cool to cold. Precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round. Severe weather is not uncommon in the state, although there are typically fewer [[tornado]] reports in Ohio than in states located in what is known as the [[Tornado Alley]]. Severe [[lake effect snow]]storms are also not uncommon on the southeast shore of [[Lake Erie]], which is located in an area designated as the [[Snowbelt]].

Although predominantly not in a subtropical climate, some warmer-climate flora and fauna do reach well into Ohio. For instance, some trees with more southern ranges, such as the [[blackjack oak]], ''Quercus marilandica'', are found at their northernmost in Ohio just north of the Ohio River. Also evidencing this climatic transition from a subtropical to a continental climate, several plants such as the Southern magnolia ''([[Magnolia grandiflora]])'', [[Albizia julibrissin]] (mimosa), [[Crape Myrtle]], and even the occasional [[Needle Palm]] are hardy landscape materials regularly used as street, yard, and garden plantings in the [[Bluegrass region]] of Ohio; but these same plants will simply not thrive in much of the rest of the state. This interesting change may be observed while traveling through Ohio on [[Interstate 75 in Ohio|Interstate 75]] from [[Cincinnati]] to [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]]; the observant traveler of this diverse state may even catch a glimpse of Cincinnati's [[common wall lizard]], one of the few examples of permanent "subtropical" fauna in Ohio.

The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|113|F|C|lk=on}}, near [[Gallipolis, Ohio|Gallipolis]] on July 21, 1934.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/pub/data/special/maxtemps.pdf| title = All-Time Temperature Maximums By State (2003)| access-date = November 7, 2006| publisher = [[National Climatic Data Center]]| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130303055638/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/39000.html
| archive-date = March 3, 2013| url-status = live}}</ref> The lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|-39|F|C}}, at [[Milligan, Ohio|Milligan]] on February 10, 1899,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/pub/data/special/mintemps.pdf| title = All-Time Temperature Minimums By State (2003)| access-date = November 7, 2006| publisher = [[National Climatic Data Center]]| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080922153636/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/pub/data/special/mintemps.pdf| archive-date = September 22, 2008| url-status = live}}</ref> during the [[Great Blizzard of 1899]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://farmersalmanac.com/weather/2012/02/06/the-great-blizzard-of-1899-deep-south-deep-freeze/ |title=The Great Blizzard of 1899: Deep South, Deep Freeze |last1=McLeod |first1=Jaime |date=February 6, 2012 |website=The Farmer's Almanac |access-date=February 5, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206103807/http://farmersalmanac.com/weather/2012/02/06/the-great-blizzard-of-1899-deep-south-deep-freeze/ |archive-date=February 6, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
|+Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected cities in Ohio<ref name="Ohio climate averages">{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/city.php3?c=US&s=OH&statename=Ohio-United-States-of-America|title=Ohio climate averages|publisher=Weatherbase|access-date=November 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009031514/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/city.php3?c=US&s=OH&statename=Ohio-United-States-of-America|archive-date=October 9, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!Location
!Region
!July (°F)
!July (°C)
!January (°F)
!January (°C)
|-
|[[Athens, Ohio|Athens]] || [[Appalachian Ohio|Appalachian]] || 85/61 || 29/16 || 40/21 || 4/−6
|-
|[[Cincinnati]] || [[Cincinnati metropolitan area|Southwest]] || 86/66 || 30/19 || 39/23 || 3/−5
|-
|[[Cleveland]] || [[Northeast Ohio|Northeast]] || 82/64 || 28/18 || 34/21 || 1/−5
|-
|[[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]] || [[Central Ohio|Central]] || 85/65 || 29/18 || 36/22 || 2/−5
|-
|[[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]] || [[Miami Valley]] || 87/67 || 31/19 || 36/22 || 2/−5
|-
|[[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]] || [[Northwest Ohio|Northwest]] || 84/62 || 29/17 || 32/18 || 0/−7
|-
|[[Youngstown, Ohio|Youngstown]] || [[Northeast Ohio|Northeast]] || 81/60 || 27/15 || 32/19 || 0/−7
|}

The worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the [[Great Dayton Flood]], the entire [[Great Miami River|Miami River]] watershed flooded, including the downtown business district of [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]]. As a result, the [[Miami Conservancy District]] was created as the first major floodplain engineering project in Ohio and the United States.<ref name="MCDAct">{{cite web|url=http://www.miamiconservancy.org/about/conservancy.asp|title=The History of the MCD: The Conservancy Act|access-date=January 13, 2007|publisher=Miami Conservancy District|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314003325/http://www.miamiconservancy.org/about/conservancy.asp|archive-date=March 14, 2007}}</ref>

Although few have registered as noticeable to the average resident, more than 200 earthquakes with a [[Richter magnitude scale|magnitude]] of 2.0 or higher have occurred in Ohio since 1776.<ref name=in-ohio>{{cite web|first=Michael C.|last=Hansen|title=Earthquakes in Ohio |url=https://geosurvey.ohiodnr.gov/portals/geosurvey/PDFs/Education/el09.pdf|date=2015|publisher=[[Ohio Department of Natural Resources]], Division of Geological Survey|access-date=June 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224035942/https://geosurvey.ohiodnr.gov/portals/geosurvey/PDFs/Education/el09.pdf|archive-date=December 24, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The Western Ohio Seismic Zone and a portion of the [[Southern Great Lakes Seismic Zone]] are located in the state, and numerous [[Fault (geology)|faults]] lie under the surface.<ref name=in-ohio/><ref>{{cite web|first=Mark T.|last=Baranoski |title=Structure Contour Map on the Precambrian Unconformity Surface in Ohio and Related Basement Features |publisher=Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey |url=https://geosurvey.ohiodnr.gov/portals/geosurvey/PDFs/Misc_State_Maps&Pubs/Map-PG-23_Vers-2.pdf|date=2013|access-date=June 13, 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203192416/http://geosurvey.ohiodnr.gov/portals/geosurvey/PDFs/Misc_State_Maps%26Pubs/Map-PG-23_Vers-2.pdf|archive-date=February 3, 2017}}</ref>

The most substantial known earthquake in Ohio history was the [[Anna, Ohio|Anna]] (Shelby County) earthquake,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://geosurvey.ohiodnr.gov/earthquakes-ohioseis/faq-quakes-in-ohio|title=OhioSeis Earthquake FAQ: What was the biggest earthquake in Ohio?|publisher=Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey|access-date=June 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410163708/http://geosurvey.ohiodnr.gov/earthquakes-ohioseis/faq-quakes-in-ohio|archive-date=April 10, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> which occurred on March 9, 1937. It was centered in western Ohio, with a magnitude of 5.4, and was of [[Mercalli intensity scale|intensity]] VIII.<ref>[https://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/states/events/1937_03_09.php Historic Earthquakes: Western Ohio] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213060325/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/states/events/1937_03_09.php |date=December 13, 2007}}, U.S. Geological Survey.</ref> Other significant earthquakes in Ohio include:<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/states/historical_state.php#ohio | title = Historic United States Earthquakes. Ohio | place = [[United States|US]] | publisher = Geological Survey | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091007212652/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/states/historical_state.php#ohio | archive-date = October 7, 2009 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> one of magnitude 4.8 near [[Lima, Ohio|Lima]] on September 19, 1884;<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/states/events/1884_09_19.php | title = Historic Earthquakes. Near Lima, OH, 1884-9-19 | place = US | publisher = Geological Survey | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090909210752/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/states/events/1884_09_19.php | archive-date = September 9, 2009 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> one of magnitude 4.2 near [[Portsmouth, Ohio|Portsmouth]] on May 17, 1901;<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/states/events/1986_01_31.php | title = Historic Earthquakes. Near Portsmouth, OH, 1986-1-31 | place = US | publisher = Geological Survey | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090909212604/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/states/events/1986_01_31.php | archive-date = September 9, 2009 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> and one of 5.0 in [[LeRoy Township, Lake County, Ohio|LeRoy Township in Lake County]] on January 31, 1986, which continued to trigger 13 aftershocks of magnitude 0.5 to 2.4 for two months.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/states/events/1986_01_31.php | title = Historic Earthquakes. Northeast Ohio, 1986-1-31 | place = US | publisher = Geological Survey | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090909212604/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/states/events/1986_01_31.php | archive-date = September 9, 2009 | df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = https://geosurvey.ohiodnr.gov/quakes-1950-to-1999-pgs/northeastern-ohio-january-1986 | title = Northeastern Ohio Quake, January 1986 | publisher = [[Ohio Department of Natural Resources]], Division of Geological Survey | access-date = June 13, 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190429113048/http://geosurvey.ohiodnr.gov/quakes-1950-to-1999-pgs/northeastern-ohio-january-1986 | archive-date = April 29, 2019 | url-status = live }}</ref>

Notable Ohio earthquakes in the 21st century include one occurring on December 31, 2011, approximately {{convert|4|km|mi|sp=us}} northwest of [[Youngstown, Ohio|Youngstown]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsus/Quakes/usc0007f7s.php |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120107125644/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsus/Quakes/usc0007f7s.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 7, 2012 |title=Magnitude 4.0—Youngstown-Warren urban area, OH |place=US |publisher=Geological Survey |access-date=December 31, 2011 }}</ref> and one occurring on June 10, 2019, approximately {{convert|5|km|mi|sp=us}} north-northwest of [[Eastlake, Ohio|Eastlake]] under [[Lake Erie]];<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70003xny/executive |title=M 4.0—5km NNW of Eastlake, Ohio |place=US |publisher=Geological Survey |access-date=June 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611233939/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70003xny/executive |archive-date=June 11, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> both registered a 4.0 magnitude.

===Cities===
{{See also|List of cities in Ohio}}
{{multiple image
 | direction = vertical
 | total_width = 230
 | image1 = Ohio population density 2020.png
 | caption1 = Ohio population density map
 | image2 = Ohio Municipalities.png
 | caption2 = [[List of municipalities in Ohio|Ohio Municipalities]]
}}

There are 13 [[metropolitan statistical area]]s in Ohio, anchored by 16 cities, as defined by the U.S. [[Office of Management and Budget]]. Additionally, 30 Ohio cities function as centers of [[micropolitan statistical area]]s, urban clusters smaller than that of metropolitan areas. Ohio's three largest cities are [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]], [[Cleveland]], and [[Cincinnati]].

Columbus is the capital of the state, near its geographic center, and is well known for [[Ohio State University]]<!--Wikipedians do not use "The" as part of Ohio State's name; it is considered a marketing gimmick, and routinely deleted.-->. In 2019, the city had six corporations named to the U.S. Fortune 500 list: [[Alliance Data]], [[Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company]], [[American Electric Power]], [[L Brands]], [[Huntington Bancshares]], and [[Cardinal Health]] in suburban [[Dublin, Ohio|Dublin]].<ref name="GDP">{{cite web |url=http://usmayors.org/metroeconomies/0110/charts.pdf |title=Top 100 U.S. metro economies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100625175418/http://usmayors.org/metroeconomies/0110/charts.pdf |archive-date=June 25, 2010 |publisher=U.S. Conference of Mayors |access-date=April 22, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/news/2019/06/10/alliance-data-systems-ohio.html |title=Plano set to lose Fortune 500 HQ as Alliance Data Systems shifts to Ohio |work=Dallas Business Journal |last=Womack |first=Brian |date=June 10, 2019 |access-date=August 19, 2021 |archive-date=November 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125023459/https://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/news/2019/06/10/alliance-data-systems-ohio.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Other major employers include hospitals (among others, [[Wexner Medical Center]] and [[Nationwide Children's Hospital]]), high tech research and development including the [[Battelle Memorial Institute]], information-based companies such as [[OCLC]] and [[Chemical Abstracts Service]], manufacturer [[Worthington Industries]], and financial institutions such as [[JPMorgan Chase]] and [[Huntington Bancshares]]. Fast food chains [[Wendy's]] and [[White Castle (restaurant)|White Castle]] are also headquartered in Columbus.

Located in [[Northeast Ohio]] along the Lake Erie shore, Cleveland is characterized by its [[New England]] heritage, ethnic immigrant cultures, and history as a major American manufacturing and healthcare center. It anchors the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, of which the industrial cities of [[Akron, Ohio|Akron]] and [[Canton, Ohio|Canton]] are constituent parts. [[Mansfield, Ohio|Mansfield]], [[Sandusky, Ohio|Sandusky]] and [[Youngstown, Ohio|Youngstown]] are also major cities in the region. Northeast Ohio is known for major industrial companies [[Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company|Goodyear Tire and Rubber]] and [[Timken Company|Timken]], top-ranked colleges [[Case Western Reserve University]], [[Oberlin College]], and [[Kent State University]], the [[Cleveland Clinic]], and cultural attractions including the [[Cleveland Museum of Art]], Big Five member [[Cleveland Orchestra]], [[Cuyahoga Valley National Park]], [[Playhouse Square]], the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]], and the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]].

[[Cincinnati, Ohio|Cincinnati]] anchors Southwest Ohio and the [[Cincinnati metropolitan area]], which also encompasses counties in Kentucky and Indiana. The metropolitan area is home to [[Miami University]] and the [[University of Cincinnati]], [[Cincinnati Union Terminal]], [[Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra]], and various Fortune 500 companies, including [[Procter & Gamble]], [[Kroger]], [[Macy's, Inc.]], and [[Fifth Third Bank]]. [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]] and [[Springfield, Ohio|Springfield]] are in the Miami Valley, which is home to the [[University of Dayton]], the [[Dayton Ballet]], and the extensive [[Wright-Patterson Air Force Base]].

[[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]] and [[Lima, Ohio|Lima]] are the major cities in Northwest Ohio, an area known for its glass-making industry. It is home to [[Owens Corning]] and [[Owens-Illinois]], two [[Fortune 500]] corporations.

[[Steubenville, Ohio|Steubenville]] is the only metropolitan city in [[Appalachian Ohio]], a region known for its [[Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests|mixed mesophytic forests]]. Other metropolitan areas that contain cities in Ohio but are primarily in other states include the [[Huntington, West Virginia]] and [[Wheeling, West Virginia]] areas. Ohio is the US state with the highest number of cities with the same name as UK cities.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://matthewjmiller07.github.io/uscities |title=Map of UK cities which share names with US cities |access-date=August 21, 2023 |archive-date=August 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821100348/https://matthewjmiller07.github.io/uscities/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Largest cities
|country = Ohio
|stat_ref = Source: 2020 U.S. Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045221|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts|access-date=February 3, 2022|archive-date=February 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202181905/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045221|url-status=live}}</ref>
|list_by_pop =
|div_name =
|div_link = Counties of Ohio{{!}}County
|city_1 = Columbus, Ohio{{!}}Columbus
|div_1 = Franklin County, Ohio{{!}}Franklin
|pop_1 = 905,748
|img_1 = Downtown Columbus View from Main St Bridge - edit1.jpg
|city_2 = Cleveland
|div_2 = Cuyahoga County, Ohio{{!}}Cuyahoga
|pop_2 = 372,624
|img_2 = Cleveland skyline from Lakewood Park, June 2024.jpg
|city_3 = Cincinnati
|div_3 = Hamilton County, Ohio{{!}}Hamilton
|pop_3 = 309,317
|img_3 = Downtown_Cincinnati_viewed_from_Devou_Park.jpg
|city_4 = Toledo, Ohio{{!}}Toledo
|div_4 = Lucas County, Ohio{{!}}Lucas
|pop_4 = 270,871
|img_4 = Toledo, Ohio Skyline, July 2022.jpg
|city_5 = Akron, Ohio{{!}}Akron
|div_5 = Summit County, Ohio{{!}}Summit
|pop_5 = 190,469 
|img_5 =
|city_6 = Dayton, Ohio{{!}}Dayton
|div_6 = Montgomery County, Ohio{{!}}Montgomery
|pop_6 = 137,644
|img_6 =
|city_7 = Parma, Ohio{{!}}Parma
|div_7 = Cuyahoga County, Ohio{{!}}Cuyahoga
|pop_7 = 81,146 
|img_7 =
|city_8 = Canton, Ohio{{!}}Canton
|div_8 = Stark County, Ohio{{!}}Stark
|pop_8 = 70,872
|img_8 =
|city_9 = Lorain, Ohio{{!}}Lorain
|div_9 = Lorain County, Ohio{{!}}Lorain
|pop_9 = 65,211
|img_9 =
| city_10 = Hamilton, Ohio{{!}}Hamilton
| div_10 = Butler County, Ohio{{!}}Butler
| pop_10 = 62,082
| img_10 =
| city_11 = Youngstown, Ohio{{!}}Youngstown
| div_11 = Mahoning County, Ohio{{!}}Mahoning
| pop_11 = 60,068
| img_11 =
| city_12 = Springfield, Ohio{{!}}Springfield
| div_12 = Clark County, Ohio{{!}}Clark
| pop_12 = 58,662
| img_12 =
| city_13 = Kettering, Ohio{{!}}Kettering
| div_13 = Montgomery County, Ohio{{!}}Montgomery
| pop_13 = 57,862 
| img_13 =
| city_14 = Elyria, Ohio{{!}}Elyria
| div_14 = Lorain County, Ohio{{!}}Lorain
| pop_14 = 52,656
| img_14 =
| city_15 = Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio{{!}}Cuyahoga Falls
| div_15 = Summit County, Ohio{{!}}Summit
| pop_15 = 51,114
| img_15 =
| city_16 = Middletown, Ohio{{!}}Middletown
| div_16 = Butler County, Ohio{{!}}Butler
| pop_16 = 50,987 
| img_16 =
| city_17 = Lakewood, Ohio{{!}}Lakewood
| div_17 = Cuyahoga County, Ohio{{!}}Cuyahoga
| pop_17 = 50,942
| img_17 =
| city_18 = Newark, Ohio{{!}}Newark
| div_18 = Licking County, Ohio{{!}}Licking
| pop_18 = 49,934
| img_18 =
| city_19 = Euclid, Ohio{{!}}Euclid
| div_19 = Cuyahoga County, Ohio{{!}}Cuyahoga
| pop_19 = 49,692 
| img_19 =
| city_20 = Dublin, Ohio{{!}}Dublin
| div_20 = Franklin County, Ohio{{!}}Franklin
| pop_20 = 49,328
| img_20 =
}}