Editing Noise pollution (section)

====Why invertebrates are affected====
Several reasons have been identified relating to hypersensitivity in invertebrates when exposed to [[Soundscape ecology#Anthropophony and insects|anthropogenic noise]]. Invertebrates have evolved to pick up sound, and a large portion of their physiology is adapted for the purpose of detecting environmental vibrations.<ref name="Morley_2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Morley EL, Jones G, Radford AN | title = The importance of invertebrates when considering the impacts of anthropogenic noise | journal = Proceedings. Biological Sciences | volume = 281 | issue = 1776 | pages = 20132683 | date = February 2014 | pmid = 24335986 | pmc = 3871318 | doi = 10.1098/rspb.2013.2683 }}</ref> Antennae or hairs on the organism pick up particle motion.<ref name="Nedelec_2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nedelec SL, Campbell J, Radford AN, Simpson SD, Merchant ND | title = Particle motion: the missing link in underwater acoustic ecology. | journal = Methods in Ecology and Evolution | date = July 2016 | volume = 7 | issue = 7 | pages = 836–42 | doi = 10.1111/2041-210x.12544 | bibcode = 2016MEcEv...7..836N | doi-access = free | hdl = 10871/30438 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> Anthropogenic noise created in the marine environment, such as pile driving and shipping, are picked up through particle motion; these activities exemplify near-field stimuli.<ref name="Nedelec_2016" />

The ability to detect vibration through mechanosensory structures is most important in invertebrates and fish. Mammals, also, depend on pressure detector ears to perceive the noise around them.<ref name="Nedelec_2016" /> Therefore, it is suggested that marine invertebrates are likely perceiving the effects of noise differently than marine mammals. It is reported that invertebrates can detect a large range of sounds, but noise sensitivity varies substantially between each species. Generally, however, invertebrates depend on frequencies under 10&nbsp;kHz. This is the frequency at which a great deal of ocean noise occurs.<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Hallander J, Lee D | year = 2015 | title = Shipping and Underwater Radiated Noise. | work = SSPA Highlights | publisher = SSPA Sweden AB | url = https://www.sspa.se/shipping-and-underwater-radiated-noise | access-date = 2020-05-13 | archive-date = 2020-08-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200803090545/https://www.sspa.se/shipping-and-underwater-radiated-noise | url-status = live }}</ref>

Therefore, not only does anthropogenic noise often mask invertebrate communication, but it also negatively impacts other biological system functions through noise-induced stress.<ref name="Morley_2014" />
Another one of the leading causes of noise effects in invertebrates is because sound is used in multiple behavioral contexts by many groups. This includes regularly sound produced or perceived in the context of aggression or predator avoidance. Invertebrates also utilize sound to attract or locate mates, and often employ sound in the courtship process.<ref name="Morley_2014" />