Editing New Brunswick (section)

===Geology===
[[File:Sandstone in Canada - IMG 0791 (11385934064).jpg|thumb|The [[Hopewell Rocks]] are rock formations located at the upper reaches of the [[Bay of Fundy]], near [[Hopewell Cape, New Brunswick|Hopewell Cape]].]]
Bedrock types range from 1&nbsp;billion to 200&nbsp;million years old.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bedrock Mapping |url=http://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/en/departments/erd/energy/content/minerals/content/bedrock_mapping.html |publisher=Government of New Brunswick |access-date=14 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114202444/http://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/en/departments/erd/energy/content/minerals/content/bedrock_mapping.html |archive-date=14 November 2017 |date=29 January 2013}}</ref>
Much of the bedrock in the west and north derives from ocean deposits in the [[Ordovician]] that were subject to [[Fold (geology)|folding]] and [[Igneous rock|igneous]] [[Intrusive rock|intrusion]] and that were eventually covered with lava during the [[Paleozoic]], peaking during the [[Acadian orogeny]].<ref name="hc"/>

During the [[Carboniferous]] period, about 340&nbsp;million years ago, New Brunswick was in the [[Maritimes Basin]], a [[sedimentary basin]] near the equator. Sediments, brought by rivers from surrounding highlands, accumulated there; after being compressed, they produced the Albert [[oil shale]]s of southern New Brunswick. Eventually, sea water from the [[Panthalassa|Panthalassic Ocean]] invaded the basin, forming the Windsor Sea. Once this receded, [[Conglomerate (geology)|conglomerates]], [[sandstone]]s, and [[shale]]s accumulated. The [[rust]] colour of these was caused by the oxidation of iron in the beds between wet and dry periods.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Atlantic Geoscience Society |editor1-last=Williams |editor1-first=Graham |editor2-last=Fensome |editor2-first=Robert |title=The last billion years : a geological history of the Maritime Provinces of Canada |date=2001 |publisher=Nimbus Publishing |location=Halifax, NS |isbn=1-55109-351-0 |ref=billion |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/lastbillionyears0000unse}}</ref> Such late Carboniferous rock formed the [[Hopewell Rocks]], which have been shaped by the extreme [[tidal range]] of the Bay of Fundy.

In the early [[Triassic]], as [[Pangea]] drifted north it was rent apart, forming the [[rift valley]] that is the Bay of Fundy. [[Magma]] pushed up through the cracks, forming [[basalt]] columns on [[Grand Manan]].<ref name="fundygeo">{{cite web |title=Geology |url=https://www.bayoffundy.com/about/geology/ |access-date=15 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116075259/https://www.bayoffundy.com/about/geology/ |archive-date=16 November 2017}}</ref>