Editing Natural language processing (section)

=== Syntactic analysis ===
{{Formal languages}}
; [[Grammar induction]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Klein|first1=Dan|last2=Manning|first2=Christopher D.|year=2002|title=Natural language grammar induction using a constituent-context model|url=http://papers.nips.cc/paper/1945-natural-language-grammar-induction-using-a-constituent-context-model.pdf|journal=Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems}}</ref>
: Generate a [[formal grammar]] that describes a language's syntax.
; [[Sentence breaking]] (also known as "[[sentence boundary disambiguation]]")
: Given a chunk of text, find the sentence boundaries. Sentence boundaries are often marked by [[Full stop|periods]] or other [[punctuation mark]]s, but these same characters can serve other purposes (e.g., marking [[abbreviation]]s).
; [[Parsing]]: Determine the [[parse tree]] (grammatical analysis) of a given sentence. The [[grammar]] for [[natural language]]s is [[ambiguous]] and typical sentences have multiple possible analyses: perhaps surprisingly, for a typical sentence there may be thousands of potential parses (most of which will seem completely nonsensical to a human). There are two primary types of parsing: ''dependency parsing'' and ''constituency parsing''. Dependency parsing focuses on the relationships between words in a sentence (marking things like primary objects and predicates), whereas constituency parsing focuses on building out the parse tree using a [[probabilistic context-free grammar]] (PCFG) (see also ''[[stochastic grammar]]'').