Editing Nachmanides (section)

== Works ==
Nachmanides, as above, was a leading Torah scholar of the Middle Ages, authoring [[Rabbinic_literature#Classic_Torah_and_Talmud_commentaries|major commentaries on Torah and the Talmud]]. Further, as a ''[[posek]]'' he wrote stand-alone works on ''[[Halachic]]'' topics, as well as works on mysticism, science and philosophy.

===Commentary on Torah===
{{more|Jewish commentaries on the Bible|Mikraot Gedolot}}
[[#Commentary_on_the_Torah|As detailed above]], Ramban's commentary on the Torah, "Bi'ur" or ''Perush 'al ha-Torah'', is considered a leading work in the ''genre''; 
it was his last, and his best known.
As outlined, he often critiques earlier commentaries - especially [[Rashi]], [[Abraham ibn Ezra|Ibn Ezra]] and [[Rambam]] - and incorporates [[kabbalistic]] teachings. This commentary also reflects his love of ''[[Eretz Yisrael]]''.<ref>[[Sefaria]]: [https://www.sefaria.org/Ramban_on_Genesis?tab=contents Ramban on Genesis]</ref>

===Talmudic commentary===
{{more|Talmud#Commentaries}}
Ramban's major work on the [[Talmud]] is referred to as ''[[Chiddush]]ei haRamban''.  
The commentary reflects his depth of knowledge and his deep respect for the legal authorities that came before him.<ref>[[Sefaria]]: [https://www.sefaria.org/Chiddushei_Ramban_on_Berakhot?tab=contents Chiddushei Ramban on Berakhot]</ref>
It is not structured as running commentary on the Talmud; instead it focuses on specific parts of the [[Sugya|Talmudic discussion]].<ref name="Leibowitz"/>
In approach, it fully utilizes the [[Tosafist]] dialectical style, and systematically integrates this with the [[Sephardic_law_and_customs#Law|classic Sephardic teachings]]. 
<ref name="Leibowitz">Aryeh Leibowitz (2018). [https://www.torahmusings.com/2018/05/later-rishonim-v-rambans-talmud-commentary/ Ramban’s Talmud Commentary]</ref>
It thus bears a distinct similarity to the writings of the [[Tosafists]]; here, though, it will often provide a different perspective on a variety of issues.
It is also heavily influenced by the [[Hachmei Provence|teachings of Provence]].

===Other works===
Nachmanides was a leading and prolific scholar; his output, as outlined, spanned ''[[Halacha]]'', mysticism, science and philosophy.

*Nachmanides' known halakhic works - after the model of Isaac Alfasi<ref name="jewishencyc"/> - are:<ref name="jewishencyc"/>
** ''Mishpetei ha-Cherem'', the laws concerning excommunication, reproduced in ''Kol Bo''
** ''Hilkhot Bedikkah'', on the examination of the lungs of slaughtered animals, cited by [[Shimshon ben Tzemach Duran]] in his ''Yavin Shemu'ah''
** ''Torat ha-Adam'', on the laws of mourning and burial ceremonies, in thirty chapters, the last of which, entitled ''Sha'ar ha-Gemul'', deals with eschatology (Constantinople, 1519, and frequently reprinted).

*Nachmanides' writings in the defense of [[Simeon Kayyara]] and [[Isaac Alfasi|Alfasi]] also belong in the category of his Talmudic and halachic works. These writings are:<ref name="jewishencyc"/>
** ''Milhamot HaShem'', defending Alfasi against the criticisms of [[Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona]] (published with the "Alfasi", Venice, 1552; frequently reprinted; separate edition, Berlin, 1759)
** ''Sefer ha-Zekhut'', in defense of Alfasi against the criticisms of [[Abraham ben David]] (RABaD; printed with Abraham Meldola's ''Shiv'ah 'Enayim'' Leghorn, 1745; under the title ''Machaseh u-Magen'', Venice, 1808)
** ''Hassagot'' (Constantinople, 1510; frequently reprinted), in defense of [[Simeon Kayyara]] against the criticisms of Maimonides' ''[[Sefer Hamitzvot]]'' (Book of Precepts).<ref name="jewishencyc"/>

*Ethical, mystical and philosphic works:<ref name="jewishencyc"/>
**''Derashah'', sermon delivered in the presence of the King of Castile
**''Sefer ha-Ge'ulah'', or "Sefer Ketz ha-Ge'ulah", on the time of the arrival of [[Mashiach|the Messiah]] (in [[Azariah dei Rossi]]'s ''Me'or 'Enayim Imre Binah,'' ch. xliii., and frequently reprinted)
**''Iggeret ha-Musar'', ethical letter addressed to his son (in the "Sefer ha-Yir'ah," or "Iggeret ha-Teshuvah," of Jonah Gerondi)
**''Iggeret ha-Chemdah'', letter addressed to the French rabbis [[Mishneh_Torah#Critics_and_criticism|in defense of Maimonides]] (with the "Ta'alumot Chokmah" of Joseph Delmedigo)
**''Vikkuach'', religious controversy with [[Pablo Christiani]] (in the "Milchamot Chovah")
**''Perush Iyyov'', commentary on [[Book of Job|Job]]

A collection of [[Responsa#In_Judaism|responsa]] are also commonly attributed to Nachmanides; they may in fact have been written by his student [[Shlomo ibn Aderet]].<ref>[https://www.sefaria.org.il/Teshuvot_haRashba_Meyuchas_LehaRamban Teshuvot haRashba Meyuchas LehaRamban]; see [[Beit Yosef (book)|Beit Yosef]]'s introduction to the Tur for a discussion of authorship</ref>
''Sodot HaTefilah'', a Hebrew manuscript ascribed to Nachmanides, is similarly likely by [[Eleazar of Worms]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Trachtenberg|first=Joshua|author-link=Joshua Trachtenberg|chapter=HEBREW SOURCES IN MANUSCRIPT|chapter-url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/jms/jms41.htm|title=Jewish Magic and Superstition|location=Philadelphia|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]]|year=2004|origyear=Originally published 1939|isbn=9780812218626|page=322|access-date=Feb 9, 2023}}</ref>