Editing Miami (section)

===Climate===
{{Main|Climate of Miami}}
[[File:Miamisummershower.png|thumb|A summer afternoon thunderstorm rolling into Miami from the [[Everglades]], July 2006]]
Miami has a [[tropical monsoon climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Am'')<ref name="Miami, Florida">{{Cite web |title=Weather: Miami, Florida |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=20227&cityname=Miami%2C+Florida%2C+United+States+of+America&units= |access-date=March 30, 2015 |website=Weatherbase |archive-date=June 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627112410/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=20227&cityname=Miami%2C+Florida%2C+United+States+of+America&units= |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=World Map of Köppen−Geiger Climate Classification |url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |access-date=December 20, 2010 |archive-date=March 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305153610/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> with hot and wet summers and warm and dry winters.

Miami's sea-level elevation, coastal location, position just above the [[Tropic of Cancer]], and proximity to the [[Gulf Stream]] shape its climate. Average winter high temperatures, from December to March, range from {{convert|76.4|-|80.3|F|C|abbr=}}. January is the coolest month with an average daily temperature of {{convert|68.2|F}}. Low temperatures fall below {{convert|50|F}} about 3 to 4 nights during the winter season,{{citation needed|date=January 2020}} after the passage of [[cold front]]s that produce what little rainfall that falls in the winter.

There are two basic seasons in Miami, a hot and wet season from May to October, and a warm and dry season from November to April. During the hot and wet season, daily thundershowers occur in the humid unstable air masses. The wet season in Miami is defined as the period during which the average daily [[dew point]] temperature is above {{Convert|70|F}}. The rainy season typically begins on the first day that occurs, or within a few days later.<ref name="weather.gov">{{Cite web |title=Duration of Summer Season in South Florida |url=https://www.weather.gov/mfl/summer_season |access-date=May 22, 2021 |website=NOAA National Weather Service |archive-date=May 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522184501/https://www.weather.gov/mfl/summer_season |url-status=live }}</ref>

Daily rainfall in Miami decreases sharply when the average daily dew point falls to {{Convert|70|F}} or below. In some years, a stalled front to the south of the Florida peninsula may cause rains to continue for a few more days. From 1956 to 1997, the date summer began ranged from April 16 to June 3, with a median date of May 21. In those same years, the date summer ended ranged from September 24 to November 1, with a median date of October 17.<ref name="weather.gov"/>

During summer, temperatures range from the mid-80s to low 90s °F (29–35&nbsp;°C) and are accompanied by high humidity. The heat is often relieved in the afternoon by thunderstorms or a [[sea breeze]] that develops off the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the year's {{convert|61.9|in|mm|0}} of rainfall occurs during this period. [[Dew point]]s in the warm months range from {{convert|71.9|F}} in June to {{convert|73.7|F}} in August.<ref name=NOAA/>

Historical temperature extremes range from {{convert|27|°F|1}} on February 3, 1917, to {{convert|100|°F|0}} on July 21, 1942.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climatological Records for Miami, FL 1895 – 2019 |url=https://www.weather.gov/media/mfl/climate/Daily_Records_Miami.pdf |access-date=November 23, 2019 |publisher=National Weather Service |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011223658/https://www.weather.gov/media/mfl/climate/Daily_Records_Miami.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><!-- note: PDF link found on https://www.weather.gov/mfl/climate --> While Miami has never [[snow in Florida|recorded snowfall]] at any official weather station since records have been kept, [[Snow flurry|snow flurries]] fell in some parts of Miami on January 19, 1977.<ref>"{{Cite web |date=January 20, 1977 |title=Maine shivers at −29: Snow falls in Florida |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/541189651/ |website=The Baltimore Sun |page=A1 |quote=Temperatures dipped into the 30s in southern Florida, with snow flurries reported even in Miami Beach. |access-date=December 4, 2022 |archive-date=October 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030163832/https://www.proquest.com/docview/541189651/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Lardner Jr. |first1=George |last2=Meyers |first2=Robert |date=January 20, 1977 |title=Miami Is Hit by First Recorded Snow: the State of Emergency Is Eyed for Virginia Thousands Idled as Cold Closes Factories, Businesses |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/146900778/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |page=A1 |quote=The meandering jet stream in the upper atmosphere sent flurries of genuine snow onto Miami's palm trees. ... It was the farthest south that snow has been reported in the United States since the record books were started in the 19th century. ... The snow flurries in Miami will be only an asterisk in the record books since they didn't fall on any of the National Weather Service's recording stations in the area, but they were genuine. |access-date=December 4, 2022 |archive-date=April 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408215403/https://www.proquest.com/docview/146900778 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khiss |first=Peter |date=January 20, 1977 |title=New York High is 26 as the South Shivers: Florida Snow Causes Emergency Gas Shortage Widespread |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/123531417/ |website=The New York Times |page=1 |quote=Florida officially recorded snow for the first time yesterday in Palm Beach County, 65 miles north of Miami, and even that city had flurries, although not at the official stations at its airport or nearby Coral Gables. |access-date=December 4, 2022 |archive-date=April 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406230540/https://www.proquest.com/docview/123531417/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The coldest daytime maximum temperature on record is {{convert|45|F|C}} in December 1989 during the [[December 1989 United States cold wave]]. The coldest maximum temperature average between 1991 and 2020 stood at {{convert|59|F|C}}.<ref name=NOAA/>{{Failed verification|date=May 2025}}{{specify|date=May 2025}} The warmest overnight low measured is {{convert|84|F|C}} on several occasions.<ref name=NOAA/> The stability of summer overnight lows is underlined by the mean maximum annual overnight low of just one degree lower.<ref name=NOAA/>{{Failed verification|date=May 2025}}{{specify|date=May 2025}}

[[Tropical cyclone|Hurricane season]] officially runs from June 1 to November 30, although hurricanes can develop beyond those dates. The most likely time for Miami to be hit is during the peak of the [[Cape Verde hurricane|Cape Verde]] season, which is mid-August to the end of September.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vulnerable cities: Miami, Florida |url=http://www.weather.com/newscenter/specialreports/hurricanes/vulnerablecities/miami.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427194724/http://www.weather.com/newscenter/specialreports/hurricanes/vulnerablecities/miami.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=April 27, 2006 |access-date=February 19, 2006 |publisher=The Weather Channel}}</ref> Although tornadoes are uncommon in the area, one struck in [[1925 Miami tornado|1925]] and another in [[1997 Miami tornado|1997]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1925/04/06/archives/three-killed-23-hurt-in-florida-tornado-400-are-left-homeless-in.html|title=Three Killed, 23 Hurt in Florida Tornado; 400 are Left Homeless in Wake of Disaster|date=April 6, 1925|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120222844/https://www.nytimes.com/1925/04/06/archives/three-killed-23-hurt-in-florida-tornado-400-are-left-homeless-in.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/its-a-twister-a-brief-history-of-tornadoes-in-south-florida-15382210|title=It's a Twister! Tornadoes in South Florida Are More Common Than You Might Think|last=Ceballos|first=Joshua|date=September 30, 2022|website=[[Miami New Times]]|access-date=November 20, 2023|archive-date=November 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120223506/https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/its-a-twister-a-brief-history-of-tornadoes-in-south-florida-15382210|url-status=live}}</ref> Around 40% of homes in Miami are built upon [[floodplain]]s and are considered as flood-risk zones.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Irma spared America, but still had a big effect on it |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21728964-one-12-americans-now-lives-home-some-risk-flooding-irma-spared-america |access-date=September 26, 2017 |archive-date=September 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926073212/https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21728964-one-12-americans-now-lives-home-some-risk-flooding-irma-spared-america |url-status=live }}</ref>

Miami falls within the [[United States Department of Agriculture|Department of Agriculture's]] 10b/11a plant [[hardiness zone]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map |url=http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/# |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227032333/http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/ |archive-date=February 27, 2014 |access-date=February 24, 2014 |website=United States Department of Agriculture}}</ref>

Miami is one of the major coastal cities and major cities in the United States that will be most affected by [[climate change]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cusick |first=Daniel |title=Miami Is the "Most Vulnerable" Coastal City Worldwide |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/miami-is-the-most-vulnerable-coastal-city-worldwide/ |access-date=November 14, 2020 |website=Scientific American |archive-date=November 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122232238/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/miami-is-the-most-vulnerable-coastal-city-worldwide/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Florida Climate Outlook: Assessing Physical and Economic Impacts through 2040 |url=https://www.rff.org/publications/reports/florida-climate-outlook/ |access-date=November 14, 2020 |website=Resources for the Future |language=en-US |archive-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029200836/https://www.rff.org/publications/reports/florida-climate-outlook/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Globally, it is one of the most at-risk cities, according to a 2020 report by [[Resources for the Future]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cusick |first=Daniel |title=Miami Is the "Most Vulnerable" Coastal City Worldwide |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/miami-is-the-most-vulnerable-coastal-city-worldwide/ |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=Scientific American |archive-date=April 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410012835/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/miami-is-the-most-vulnerable-coastal-city-worldwide/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Florida Climate Outlook: Assessing Physical and Economic Impacts through 2040 |url=https://media.rff.org/documents/Florida_Climate_Outlook.pdf |access-date=April 22, 2022 |website=Resources for the Future |language=en-US |archive-date=March 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329035334/https://media.rff.org/documents/Florida_Climate_Outlook.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Global [[sea level rise]], which in Miami is projected to be {{convert|21|in|cm}} to {{convert|40|in|cm}} by 2070, will lead to an increase in storm damage, more intense flooding, and will threaten Miami's water supply.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unified Sea Level Rise Projection Southeast Florida |url=https://southeastfloridaclimatecompact.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Sea-Level-Rise-Projection-Guidance-Report_FINAL_02212020.pdf |access-date=February 11, 2022 |website=www.southeastfloridaclimatecompact.org |archive-date=January 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113075608/https://southeastfloridaclimatecompact.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Sea-Level-Rise-Projection-Guidance-Report_FINAL_02212020.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Miami-Dade County – Environment – Impact on South Florida |url=http://www.miamidade.gov/environment/climate-change-impact.asp |access-date=November 14, 2020 |website=www.miamidade.gov |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404165749/http://www.miamidade.gov/environment/climate-change-impact.asp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Luscombe |first=Richard |date=April 21, 2020 |title=Will Florida be lost forever to the climate crisis? |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/apr/21/florida-climate-crisis-sea-level-habitat-loss |access-date=November 14, 2020 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=November 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106045605/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/apr/21/florida-climate-crisis-sea-level-habitat-loss |url-status=live }}</ref> Other potential impacts of climate change include higher hurricane wind speeds and severe thunderstorms, which can bring about hail or tornadoes.<ref name=":1" /> Some protective efforts are in place, including nourishing beaches and adding protective barriers, raising buildings and roads that are vulnerable, and restoring natural habitats such as [[wetland]]s.<ref name=":1" /> Miami Beach has invested $500&nbsp;million to protect roads, buildings, and water systems.<ref name=":1" /> Real estate prices in Miami already reflect the increase in prices for real estate at a higher elevation within the city compared to real estate at a lower elevation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olick |first=Diana |date=August 29, 2018 |title=Rising Risks: 'Climate gentrification' is changing Miami real estate values – for better and worse |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/29/climate-gentrification-is-changing-miami-real-estate-values.html |access-date=November 14, 2020 |publisher=CNBC |archive-date=February 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222185617/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/29/climate-gentrification-is-changing-miami-real-estate-values.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Miami weatherbox}}