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====''Between Philosophy and Social Science''==== ''Between Philosophy and Social Science'' appeared between 1930 and 1938, during the time the Frankfurt school moved from Frankfurt to Geneva to [[Columbia University]]. It included: "Materialism and Morality", "The Present Situation of Moral Philosophy and the Tasks of an Institute for Social Research", "On the Problem of Truth", "Egoism and the Freedom Movement", "History and Psychology", "A New Concept of Ideology", "Remarks on Philosophical Anthropology", and "The Rationalism Debate in Contemporary Philosophy". It also included "The Present Situation of Social Philosophy and the Tasks for an Institute of Social Research", "Egoism and Freedom Movements" and "Beginnings of the Bourgeois Philosophy of History". The essays within "Between Philosophy and Social Science" were Horkheimer's attempts to "remove the individual from mass culture, a function for philosophy from the [[commodification]] of everything".<ref name="G. Regier MLN 1995 pp. 953-957">W. G. Regier MLN, Vol. 110, No. 4, Comparative Literature Issue (Sep. 1995, pp. 953β957), Johns Hopkins University Press.</ref> Horkheimer was extremely invested in the individual. In one of his writings, he states, "When we speak of an individual as a historical entity, we mean not merely the space-time and the sense existence of a particular member of the human race, but in addition, his awareness of his own individuality as a conscious human being, including recognition of his own identity."<ref>Sica, Alan. 2005. "Social Thought: From the Enlightenment to The Present" (pp. 542β546). Pennsylvania State University: Pearson, Inc.</ref> "The Present Situation of Social Philosophy and the Tasks for an Institute of Social Research" was not only included in this volume, but it was also used as Horkheimer's inaugural speech as director of the Frankfurt School. In this speech he related economic groups to the struggles and challenges of real life. Horkheimer often referenced human struggle and used this example in his speech because it was a topic he understood well.<ref name="G. Regier MLN 1995 pp. 953-957" /> "Egoism and Freedom Movements" and "Beginnings of the Bourgeois Philosophy of History" are the longest of the essays. The first is an evaluation of Machiavelli, Hobbes and Vico; the latter discusses the bourgeois control. In Beginnings of the Bourgeois Philosophy of History, Horkheimer explained "what he learned from the bourgeois rise to power and what of the bourgeois he thought was worth preserving.<ref name="G. Regier MLN 1995 pp. 953-957" /> The volume also looks at the individual as the "troubled center of philosophy." Horkheimer expressed that "there is no formula that defines the relationship among individuals, society and nature for all time".<ref name="G. Regier MLN 1995 pp. 953-957" /> To understand the problem of the individual further, Horkheimer included two case studies on the individual: one on Montaigne and one on himself.
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