Editing Martial law (section)

===Canada===
{{See also|War Measures Act}}

The ''War Measures Act'' was a [[Parliament of Canada]] [[statute]] that allowed the government to assume sweeping emergency powers, stopping short of martial law, i.e., the military did not administer justice, which remained in the hands of the courts. The act was invoked three times: During [[World War I]], [[World War II]], and the [[October Crisis of 1970]]. In 1988, the ''War Measures Act'' was replaced by the ''[[Emergencies Act]]'', which saw its first invocation in February 2022 amidst the [[Canada convoy protest|Freedom Convoy protests]].

During the [[British Empire|colonial era]], martial law was proclaimed and applied in the territory of the [[Province of Quebec (1763–1791)|Province of Quebec]] during the [[Invasion of Canada (1775)|invasion of Canada]] by the [[Continental Army]] during the [[American Revolutionary War]] in 1775–1776. It was also applied twice in the [[Lower Canada|Province of Lower Canada]] during the [[Lower Canada Rebellion|1837–1838 insurrections]]. On December 5, following the events of November 1837, martial law was proclaimed in the district of [[Montreal]] by Governor [[Archibald Acheson, 2nd Earl of Gosford|Gosford]], without the support of the [[Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada]]. It was imposed until April 27, 1838. Martial law was proclaimed a second time on November 4, 1838, this time by acting Governor [[John Colborne]], and was applied in the district of Montreal until August 24, 1839.<ref>Françoise Dubuc. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20080125144343/http://cgi2.cvm.qc.ca/glaporte/1837.pl?out=article&pno=analyse56 La Loi martiale telle qu'imposée au Québec en 1837 et en 1838]", in ''Les Patriotes de 1837@1838'', May 20, 2000, retrieved May 10, 2009</ref>