Editing Mario Vargas Llosa (section)

== Later life ==
[[File:Acto fundacional UPD3.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Vargas Llosa at the founding act of the Spanish political party [[Union, Progress and Democracy|UPyD]] in September 2007]]

Vargas Llosa mainly lived in [[Madrid]] from the 1990s onwards, but spent roughly three months of the year in Peru with his extended family.<ref name="emilyparker" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.esmadrid.com/es/portal.do?IDM%3D204%26NM%3D4%26TR%3DC%26IDR%3D1763 |title=Mario Vargas Llosa: Madrid Es Mi Ciudad |access-date=11 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720131245/http://www.esmadrid.com/es/portal.do?IDM=204&NM=4&TR=C&IDR=1763 |archive-date=20 July 2011 }}</ref> He also frequently visited London where he occasionally spent long periods. Vargas Llosa acquired [[Spanish citizenship]] in 1993,<ref name="citizenships"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/20/magazine/the-elder-statesman-of-latin-american-literature-and-a-writer-of-our-moment.html|title=The Elder Statesman of Latin American Literature — and a Writer of Our Moment|work=The New York Times|quote=But when Fujimori shut down Congress, Vargas Llosa became his enemy. He asked the international community to cut off aid to Fujimori and noted (correctly) that Latin American militaries often favor coups d'état. In response, Fujimori's head of the armed forces, Nicolás de Bari Hermoza, suggested that Vargas Llosa was deliberately harming Peruvians. Álvaro Vargas Llosa told me that they learned of a plan to strip the entire Vargas Llosa family of its Peruvian citizenship. Mario appealed to Spain, and in 1993 it granted him citizenship. In Peru, this event was widely perceived as the petulant betrayal of a sore loser.|date=20 February 2018}}</ref> though he still held [[Peruvian nationality]].<ref name="peruvian citizenship">{{cite news|url=https://larepublica.pe/espectaculos/farandula/2023/02/17/mario-vargas-llosa-por-que-el-escritor-estuvo-a-punto-de-perder-la-nacionalidad-peruana-biografia-nacionalidades-de-mario-vargas-llosa-espana-gobierno-de-alberto-fujimori-shfm-452030 |title=¿Por qué Mario Vargas Llosa estuvo a punto de perder la nacionalidad peruana?|language=es |date= 17 February 2023 |publisher= La República}}</ref> The writer often reiterated his love for both countries. In his Nobel prize acceptance speech he observed: "I carry Peru deep inside me because that is where I was born, grew up, was formed, and lived those experiences of childhood and youth that shaped my personality and forged my calling." He then added: "I love Spain as much as Peru, and my debt to her is as great as my gratitude. If not for Spain, I never would have reached this podium or become a known writer."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2010/vargas_llosa-lecture_en.pdf |title=Mario Vargas Llosa: In praise of reading and fiction |date=7 December 2010 |work=The Nobel Foundation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325031050/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2010/vargas_llosa-lecture_en.pdf |archive-date=25 March 2016 |access-date=11 December 2010 }}</ref> Vargas Llosa accepted [[Dominican Republic nationality law|Dominican nationality]] in 2023.<ref name="citizenships">{{cite news|url=https://www.infobae.com/leamos/2023/06/01/mario-vargas-llosa-acepto-la-nacionalidad-dominicana-es-un-ejemplo-para-america-latina/ |title=Mario Vargas Llosa aceptó la nacionalidad dominicana: "Es un ejemplo para América Latina" |language=es |date= 1 June 2023 |publisher= Infobae}}</ref>

Mario Vargas Llosa served as a visiting professor of Latin American studies at [[Harvard University]] during the 1992–1993 academic year.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://harvardmagazine.com/2010/10/llosa-nobel-literature | title=Mario Vargas Llosa Awarded Nobel Prize in Literature| newspaper=Harvard Magazine| date=7 October 2010}}</ref> Harvard later recognized Vargas Llosa by conferring upon him an honorary [[Doctor of Letters]] degree in 1999.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://harvardmagazine.com/1999/07/jhj.honoris.html | title=Harvard Magazine: Honoris Causa (1999)}}</ref> In 1994 he was elected a member of the [[Real Academia Española]] (Royal Spanish Academy) and took up its ''L'' seat on 15 January 1996.<ref name="Williams83">{{Harvnb|Williams|2001|p=83}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rae.es/academicos/mario-vargas-llosa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920021443/http://www.rae.es/academicos/mario-vargas-llosa |title=Mario Vargas Llosa |newspaper=Real Academia Española |archive-date=20 September 2015 |access-date=27 March 2016}}</ref> Vargas Llosa joined the [[Mont Pelerin Society]] in 2014.<ref name="forbesmontpelerin">{{cite news|last1=Chafuen|first1=Alejandro|date=26 March 2014|title=Away From Socialism: Mario Vargas Llosa Joins The Mont Pelerin Society|work=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alejandrochafuen/2014/03/26/away-from-socialism-mario-vargas-llosa-joins-the-mont-pelerin-society/#43523d92485c|access-date=24 September 2016}}</ref> He was also a member of Washington, D.C.–based think tank, the [[Inter-American Dialogue]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Mario Vargas Llosa|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/experts/mario-vargas-llosa/|access-date=13 April 2017|publisher=Inter-American Dialogue}}</ref>

=== Panama and Pandora Papers ===
Vargas Llosa was named in both the [[Panama Papers]] (2016) and [[Pandora Papers]] (2021) released by the [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=5 October 2021|title=Las cuentas del escritor {{!}} IDL Reporteros|url=https://www.idl-reporteros.pe/las-cuentas-del-escritor/|access-date=6 October 2021|website=[[IDL Reporteros]]}}</ref> According to [[IDL-Reporteros]], the [[British Virgin Islands]] company Melek Investing Inc. was documented to be owned by Vargas Llosa, and was used for book royalty profits and the sale of real estate in London and Madrid.<ref name=":0" /> Following the Panama Papers leak in 2016, Carmen Balcells said on behalf of Vargas Llosa that investments were made "without the consent of Messrs. Vargas Llosa", while in the 2021 Pandora Papers leaks, Javier Martín, a representative of Vargas Llosa, said the writer "was not aware of the ownership of that company".<ref name=":0" /> IDL-Reporteros provided a document showing Vargas Llosa's signature on a "Consent to Act as Director" form for Melek Investing Inc. as part of the 2021 leak.<ref name=":0" />