Editing Mainz (section)

===Republic of Mainz===
{{Main|Republic of Mainz}}

During the [[French Revolution]], the French Revolutionary army occupied Mainz in 1792; the Archbishop-elector of Mainz, [[Friedrich Karl Josef von Erthal]], had already fled to [[Aschaffenburg]] by the time the French marched in. On 18 March 1793, the [[Jacobin Club|Jacobins]] of Mainz, with other German democrats from about 130 towns in the [[Palatinate region|Rhenish Palatinate]], proclaimed the '[[Republic of Mainz]]'. Led by [[Georg Forster]], representatives of the Mainz Republic in Paris requested political affiliation of the Mainz Republic with France, but too late: [[Prussia]] was not entirely happy with the idea of a democratic free state on German soil (although the French dominated Mainz was neither free nor democratic). Prussian troops had already occupied the area and besieged Mainz by the end of March 1793. After a [[Siege of Mainz (1793)|siege]] of 18 weeks, the French troops in Mainz surrendered on 23 July 1793; Prussians occupied the city and ended the Republic of Mainz. It came to the [[Battle of Mainz]] in 1795 between [[Habsburg monarchy|Austria]] and France. Members of the Mainz Jacobin Club were mistreated or imprisoned and punished for treason.<ref name="Dumont-2013">{{cite book |last1=Dumont |first1=Franz |last2=Dumont |first2=Stefan |title=Die Mainzer Republik 1792/93 französischer Revolutionsexport und deutscher Demokratieversuch |publication-place=Mainz |date=2013 |isbn=978-3-9811001-3-6 |oclc=846966137 |language=de |page=60}}</ref>
[[File:Jeanbon2.jpg|thumb|left|Tombstone of [[Jean Bon Saint-André|Jeanbon Baron de St. André]], Prefect of Napoleonic Mainz]]
In 1797, the French returned. The army of [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] occupied the German territory to the west of the [[Rhine]], and the [[Treaty of Campo Formio]] awarded France this entire area, initially as the [[Cisrhenian Republic]]. On 17 February 1800, the French ''[[Mont-Tonnerre|Département du Mont-Tonnerre]]'' was founded here, with Mainz as its capital, the Rhine being the new eastern frontier of la Grande Nation. Austria and Prussia could not but approve this new border with France in 1801. However, after several defeats in Europe during the [[War of the Sixth Coalition]], the weakened Napoleon and his troops had to leave Mainz in May 1814.<ref>{{cite book |author=Jean-Denis G.G. Lepage |title=French Fortifications, 1715–1815: An Illustrated History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aeVAPShsbTMC&pg=PA244 |year=2009 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-5807-3 |page=244 |access-date=27 December 2015 |archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823055343/https://books.google.com/books?id=aeVAPShsbTMC&pg=PA244 |url-status=live }}</ref>