Editing Main sequence (section)

== Luminosity-color variation ==
[[File: The Sun in white light.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|The [[Sun]] is the most familiar example of a main-sequence star]]
As non-fusing helium accumulates in the core of a main-sequence star, the reduction in the abundance of hydrogen per unit mass results in a gradual lowering of the fusion rate within that mass. Since it is fusion-supplied power that maintains the pressure of the core and supports the higher layers of the star, the core gradually gets compressed. This brings hydrogen-rich material into a shell around the helium-rich core at a depth where the pressure is sufficient for fusion to occur. The high power output from this shell pushes the higher layers of the star further out. This causes a gradual increase in the radius and consequently luminosity of the star over time.<ref name=clayton83/> For example, the luminosity of the early Sun was only about 70% of its current value.<ref name=sp74/> As a star ages it thus changes its position on the HR diagram. This evolution is reflected in a broadening of the main sequence band which contains stars at various evolutionary stages.<ref name=padmanabhan01/>

Other factors that broaden the main sequence band on the HR diagram include uncertainty in the distance to stars and the presence of unresolved [[binary star]]s that can alter the observed stellar parameters. However, even perfect observation would show a fuzzy main sequence because mass is not the only parameter that affects a star's color and luminosity. Variations in chemical composition caused by the initial abundances, the star's [[stellar evolution|evolutionary status]],<ref name=apj128_3/> interaction with a [[binary star|close companion]],<ref name=tayler94/> [[stellar rotation|rapid rotation]],<ref name=mnras113/> or a [[stellar magnetic field|magnetic field]] can all slightly change a main-sequence star's HR diagram position, to name just a few factors. As an example, there are [[metallicity|metal-poor stars]] (with a very low abundance of elements with higher atomic numbers than helium) that lie just below the main sequence and are known as [[subdwarf]]s. These stars are fusing hydrogen in their cores and so they mark the lower edge of the main sequence fuzziness caused by variance in chemical composition.<ref name=cwcs13/>

A nearly vertical region of the HR diagram, known as the [[instability strip]], is occupied by pulsating [[variable star]]s known as [[Cepheid variable]]s. These stars vary in magnitude at regular intervals, giving them a pulsating appearance. The strip intersects the upper part of the main sequence in the region of class ''A'' and ''F'' stars, which are between one and two solar masses. Pulsating stars in this part of the instability strip intersecting the upper part of the main sequence are called [[Delta Scuti variable]]s. Main-sequence stars in this region experience only small changes in magnitude, so this variation is difficult to detect.<ref name=green04/> Other classes of unstable main-sequence stars, like [[Beta Cephei variable]]s, are unrelated to this instability strip.