Editing Madeleine Albright (section)

=== Sanctions against Iraq ===
{{Main article|Sanctions against Iraq}}
During the 1990s and 2000s, many surveys and studies concluded that [[Excess mortality|excess deaths]] in Iraq—specifically among children under the age of 5—greatly increased after the implementation of [[sanctions against Iraq]] following the [[Iraqi invasion of Kuwait]] in August 1990.<ref name= IraqWater>{{Cite journal |last1=MacQueen |first1=Graeme |last2=Nagy |first2=Thomas |last3=Santa Barbara |first3=Joanna |last4=Raichle |first4=Claudia |date=2004 |title='Iraq Water Treatment Vulnerabilities': a challenge to public health ethics |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15260175/ |journal=Medicine, Conflict and Survival |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=109–119 |doi=10.1080/1362369042000234708 |issn=1362-3699 |pmid=15260175}}</ref><ref name="Garfield 2000">{{Cite journal |last=Garfield |first=Richard |date=2000-06-01 |title=A multivariate method for estimating mortality rates among children under 5 years from health and social indicators in Iraq |url=https://academic.oup.com/ije/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ije/29.3.510 |journal=International Journal of Epidemiology |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=510–515 |doi=10.1093/ije/29.3.510|pmid=10869324 }}</ref><ref name="IST">{{Cite journal |last1=Ascherio |first1=Alberto |last2=Chase |first2=Robert |last3=Coté |first3=Tim |last4=Dehaes |first4=Godelieave |last5=Hoskins |first5=Eric |last6=Laaouej |first6=Jilali |last7=Passey |first7=Megan |last8=Qaderi |first8=Saleh |last9=Shuqaidef |first9=Saher |last10=Smith |first10=Mary C. |last11=Zaidi |first11=Sarah |date=1992-09-24 |title=Effect of the Gulf War on Infant and Child Mortality in Iraq |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/NEJM199209243271306 |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |language=en |volume=327 |issue=13 |pages=931–936 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199209243271306 |pmid=1513350 |issn=0028-4793}}</ref> On the other hand, several later surveys conducted during the U.S.-led [[Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)|occupation of Iraq]] (2003–2011) "all put the U5MR in Iraq during 1995–2000 in the vicinity of 40 per 1000," suggesting that "there was no major rise in child mortality in Iraq after 1990 and during the period of the sanctions."<ref name="Dyson & Cetorelli 2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Dyson |first1=Tim |last2=Cetorelli |first2=Valeria |date=2017-07-01 |title=Changing views on child mortality and economic sanctions in Iraq: a history of lies, damned lies and statistics |journal=BMJ Global Health |language=en |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=e000311 |doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000311 |issn=2059-7908 |pmc=5717930 |pmid=29225933}}</ref>

On May 12, 1996, then-ambassador Albright defended the sanctions on a ''[[60 Minutes]]'' segment in which [[Lesley Stahl]] asked her, "We have heard that half a million children have died. I mean, that's more children than died in [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|Hiroshima]]. And, you know, is the price worth it?" and Albright replied, "We think the price is worth it."<ref name="MandA">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/mightyalmie00albr |title=The Mighty and the Almighty: Reflections on America, God, and World Affairs |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-06-089258-6 |quote=the price, we think, the price is worth it. |access-date=September 9, 2010}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The segment won an [[Emmy Award]].<ref name="Spagat">{{cite journal
|url=http://personal.rhul.ac.uk/uhte/014/Truth%20and%20Death.pdf
|title=Truth and death in Iraq under sanctions
|first=Michael
|last=Spagat
|date=September 2010
|journal=[[Significance (journal)|Significance]]
|volume=7
|issue=3
|pages=116–120
|doi=10.1111/j.1740-9713.2010.00437.x
|s2cid=154415183
|access-date=October 6, 2010
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711190050/http://personal.rhul.ac.uk/uhte/014/Truth%20and%20Death.pdf
|archive-date=July 11, 2018
|url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/1998/07/09/60minutes/bios/main13546.shtml |title=Lesley Stahl |access-date=June 5, 2011 |year=1998 |publisher=[[CBS News]] |archive-date=May 25, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525034336/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/1998/07/09/60minutes/bios/main13546.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Albright later criticized Stahl's segment as "amount[ing] to Iraqi propaganda", saying that her question was a [[loaded question]].<ref name="Rosen2002">{{cite news |last=Rosen |first=Mike |author-link=Mike Rosen |date=March 15, 2002 |title=U.S., U.N. not to blame for deaths of Iraqis |newspaper=[[Rocky Mountain News]] |url=http://www.rockymountainnews.com/drmn/news_columnists/article/0,1299,DRMN_86_1028937,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020414184813/http://www.rockymountainnews.com/drmn/news_columnists/article/0%2C1299%2CDRMN_86_1028937%2C00.html |archive-date=April 14, 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=2002 |title=Albright's Blunder |url=http://orangecoyote.blogspot.com/2006/07/albrights-blunder.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030603215848/http://www.irvinereview.org/guest1.htm |archive-date=June 3, 2003 |access-date=January 4, 2008 |publisher=[[Irvine Review]]}}</ref> She wrote, "I had fallen into a trap and said something I did not mean",{{sfn|Albright|2003|pp=274, 275}} and that she regretted coming "across as cold-blooded and cruel".<ref name="MandA" /> She apologized for her remarks in a 2020 interview with ''[[The New York Times]]'', calling them "totally stupid".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marchese |first=David |date=April 20, 2020 |title=Madeleine Albright Thinks It's Good When America Gets Involved |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/04/20/magazine/madeline-albright-interview.html |access-date=March 24, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820021455/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/04/20/magazine/madeline-albright-interview.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Albright addressed the controversy in her 2020 memoir, acknowledging that her answer was "a mistake" and "that UN sanctions contributed to hardships in Iraq," but also noting that "the producers of ''60 Minutes'' were duped. Subsequent research has shown that Iraqi propagandists deceived international observers," citing a 2017 article in ''[[The BMJ]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Albright|first=Madeleine|title=Hell and Other Destinations: A 21st-Century Memoir|chapter=Advise and Dissent|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|year=2020|isbn=978-0-06-280228-6}}</ref>