Editing Lviv (section)

===Interwar period===
[[File:Lwów.Panorama miasta.jpg|thumb|A panorama of Lwów before 1924]]
During the [[interwar period]] Lwów was the [[Second Polish Republic]]'s third-most populous city (following [[Warsaw]] and [[Łódź]]), and it became the seat of the [[Lwów Voivodeship]]. Following Warsaw, Lviv was the second most important cultural and academic centre of interwar Poland. For example, in 1920 Professor [[Rudolf Weigl]] of Lwów University developed a [[Typhus vaccine|vaccine]] against [[typhus fever]]. Furthermore, the geographic location of Lwów gave it an important role in stimulating international trade and fostering the city's and Poland's economic development. A major [[trade fair]] named [[Targi Wschodnie]] was established in 1921. In the academic year 1937–1938, there were 9,100 students attending five institutions of higher education, including [[Lviv University|Lwów University]] as well as the [[Lviv Polytechnic|Polytechnic]].<ref>''Mały Rocznik Statystyczny 1939'' (Polish statistical yearbook of 1939), [[Central Statistical Office (Poland)]], Warsaw, 1939.</ref>
[[File:Targi Wschodnie (1930th).jpg|thumb|right|Eastern Trade Fair (''[[Targi Wschodnie]]''), main entrance.<ref name="cracovia-leopolis">{{cite web |url=http://cracovia-leopolis.pl/index.php?pokaz=art&id=2089 |title=Targi Wschodnie we Lwowie |publisher=Cracovia Leopolis |work=Kwartalniki |date=2006 |access-date=13 March 2013 |author=Aleksander Nikodemowicz |language=pl |archive-date=28 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928020306/http://cracovia-leopolis.pl/index.php?pokaz=art&id=2089 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]

While about two-thirds of the city's inhabitants were Poles, some of whom spoke the characteristic [[Lwów dialect]], the eastern part of the Lwów Voivodeship had a relative [[Demographics of Ukraine|Ukrainian]] majority in most of its rural areas. Polish authorities were obliged through international agreements to provide [[Eastern Galicia]] with autonomy (including the creation of a separate Ukrainian university in Lwów), and even though a bill was enacted the [[Sejm of the Republic of Poland|Polish Sejm]] in September 1922,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pl.wikisource.org/wiki/Ustawa_o_zasadach_powszechnego_samorz%C4%85du_wojew%C3%B3dzkiego |title=Text of the 1922 Bill (in Polish) |language=pl |publisher=Pl.wikisource.org |date=29 February 2012 |access-date=3 May 2012 |archive-date=2 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502230934/http://pl.wikisource.org/wiki/Ustawa_o_zasadach_powszechnego_samorz%C4%85du_wojew%C3%B3dzkiego |url-status=live}}</ref> this was not fulfilled.

The Polish government discontinued many Ukrainian schools which functioned during the Austrian rule,<ref name=Magosci>{{cite book |author=Magosci, R. |title=A History of Ukraine |location=Toronto |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=1996}}</ref> and closed down Ukrainian departments at the University of Lwów with the exception of one.<ref name=Subtelny>{{cite book |last=Subtelny |first=Orest |title=Ukraine: A History |location=Toronto |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=1988}}</ref> Prewar Lwów also had a large and thriving [[Jews|Jewish community]], which constituted about a quarter of the population, but were accused of having collaborated with the Ukrainians.<ref name="Oldenbourg">{{cite book|author-last=Mick|author-first=Christoph|chapter=Lemberg/Lwów/L'viv - die multiethnische Stadt|editor=Matthias Weber, Burkhard Olschowsky, Ivan Petranský, Attila Pók, Andrzej Przewoźnik|title=Erinnerungsorte in Ostmitteleuropa: Erfahrungen der Vergangenheit und Perspektiven|publisher=Oldenbourg|year= 2011|language=de|pages=130}}</ref>

Unlike in Austrian times, when the size and number of public parades or other cultural expressions corresponded to each cultural group's relative population, the Polish government emphasised the Polish nature of the city and limited public displays of [[Jewish culture|Jewish]] and [[Ukrainian culture]].{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} Military parades and commemorations of battles at particular streets within the city, all celebrating the Polish forces who fought against the Ukrainians in 1918, became frequent,<ref name="Oldenbourg"/> and in the 1930s a vast [[Cemetery of the Defenders of Lwów|memorial monument and burial ground of Polish soldiers]] from that conflict was built in the city's [[Lychakiv Cemetery]]. On the other hand, Ukrainians strove to create their own memorial culture in the town. An underground military organization attacked Polish institutions, as well as Polish politicians.<ref>{{cite book|author-last=Mick|author-first=Christoph|chapter=Lemberg/Lwów/L'viv - die multiethnische Stadt|editor=Matthias Weber, Burkhard Olschowsky, Ivan Petranský, Attila Pók, Andrzej Przewoźnik|title=Erinnerungsorte in Ostmitteleuropa: Erfahrungen der Vergangenheit und Perspektiven|publisher=Oldenbourg|year= 2011|language=de|pages=131}}</ref>