Editing Louis Philippe I (section)

==King of the French (1830–1848)==
{{Main|July Monarchy}}
[[File:Vernet - 31 juillet 1830 - Louis-Philippe quitte le Palais-Royal.jpg|thumb|Louis Philippe d'Orléans leaving the Palais-Royal to go to the Town Hall, 31 July 1830, two days after the [[July Revolution]]]]
[[File:Louis-Philippe serment 1830.jpg|thumb|King Louis Philippe I taking the oath to keep the Charter of 1830 on 9 August 1830]]
[[File:Louis philippe 1835 par desnos.jpeg|thumb|left|King Louis Philippe, Portrait by [[Louise Adélaïde Desnos]] (1838)]]

In 1830, the [[July Revolution]] overthrew Charles X, who abdicated in favour of his 10-year-old grandson, [[Henri, comte de Chambord|Henri, Duke of Bordeaux]]. Charles X named Louis Philippe ''Lieutenant général du royaume'', and charged him to announce his desire to have his grandson succeed him to the popularly elected [[Chamber of Deputies of France|Chamber of Deputies]]. Louis Philippe did not do this, in order to increase his own chances of succession. As a consequence, because the chamber was aware of his liberal policies and of his popularity with the masses, they proclaimed Louis Philippe as the new French king, displacing the senior branch of the [[House of Bourbon]]. For the prior eleven days Louis Philippe had been acting as the [[regent]] for the young Henri.

Charles X and his family, including his grandson, went into exile in the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]. The young ex-king, the Duke of Bordeaux, in exile took the title of ''Comte de Chambord''. Later he became the [[pretender]] to the throne of France and was supported by the [[Legitimists]]. Louis Philippe was sworn in as King Louis Philippe I on 9 August 1830.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Louis-Philippe Biography |url=http://www.biography.com/people/louis-philippe-9387069 |access-date=13 May 2014 |publisher=The Biography.com Website}}</ref> Upon his accession to the throne, Louis Philippe assumed the title of ''King of the French'', a title previously adopted by [[Louis XVI]] in the short-lived [[French Constitution of 1791|Constitution of 1791]]. Linking the [[popular monarchy|monarchy to a people]] instead of a territory (as the previous designation ''King of France and of Navarre'') was aimed at undercutting the Legitimist claims of Charles X and his family.

By an ordinance he signed on 13 August 1830,{{Refn|group=n|''Louis Philippe's 13 August 1830 Ordinance'', relative to the surname (''nom'') and titles of his children and of his sister:

Ordonnance du roi qui ''détermine les noms et titres'' des princes et princesses de la famille royale.
:LOUIS PHILIPPE ROI DES FRANÇAIS, à tous présens et à venir, salut.

Notre avènement à la couronne ayant rendu nécessaire de déterminer les noms et les titres que devaient porter à l'avenir les princes et princesses nos enfans, ainsi que notre bien-aimée sœur,

Nous avons ordonné et ordonnons ce qui suit :

Les princes et princesses nos bien-aimés enfans, ainsi que notre bien-aimée sœur, ''continueront à porter le nom et les armes d'Orléans.''
:Notre bien-aimé fils aîné, le duc de Chartres, portera, comme prince royal, le titre de duc d'Orléans.

Nos bien-aimés fils puînés conserveront les titres qu'ils ont portés jusqu'à ce jour.

Nos bien-aimées filles et notre bien-aimée sœur ne porteront d'autre titre que celui de ''princesses d'Orléans'', en se distinguant entre elles par leurs prénoms.
:Il sera fait, en conséquence, sur les registres de l'état civil de la Maison royale, dans les archives de la Chambre des Pairs, toutes les rectifications qui résultent des dispositions ci-dessus ...}} the new king defined the manner in which his children, as well as his "beloved" sister, would continue to bear the surname "d'Orléans" and the arms of Orléans, declared that his eldest son, as ''[[Crown Prince|Prince Royal]]'' (not ''[[Dauphin of France|Dauphin]]''), would bear the title ''[[Duke of Orléans]]'', that the younger sons would continue to have their previous titles, and that his sister and daughters would be styled ''Princesses of Orléans'', not ''of France''. His ascent to the title of King of the French was seen as a betrayal by Emperor [[Nicholas I of Russia]]. Nicholas ended their friendship. In 1832, Louis' daughter, Princess [[Louise-Marie of France|Louise-Marie]], married the first ruler of Belgium, King [[Leopold I of Belgium|Leopold I]]. Their descendants include all subsequent Kings of the Belgians, and Empress [[Carlota of Mexico]].