Editing List of presidents of Colombia (section)

===United States of Colombia (1863&ndash;1886)===
This list includes those persons who were sworn into, succeeded to, or forcibly took office as President of the [[United States of Colombia]] following the passing of the [[United States of Colombia#Colombian Constitution of 1863|Colombian Constitution of 1863]], which took effect on 8 May 1863.

There were 11 people in office, and 14 presidencies as three presidents served two non-consecutive terms each and are counted chronologically twice, they are: [[Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda]], [[Manuel Murillo Toro]], and [[Rafael Núñez Moledo]], the last two having actually been elected twice. Out of the 11 individuals in office, 9 were elected, one succeeded to the presidency ([[José Eusebio Otálora Martínez]]), and one took the presidency by mounting a ''[[coup d'état]]'' ([[Santos Acosta Castillo]]). Only one president died in office from natural causes ([[Francisco Javier Zaldúa y Racines]]).

Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda, the first president of the United States of Colombia, had actually started his tenure in 1861 (he became the third and last president of the Granadine Confederation with a coup). In this capacity he was appointed by the National Constituent Assembly of 1863 to continue serving while the assembly drafted, passed, signed, and implemented a new constitution. The first elected president of the United States of Colombia was Manuel Murillo Toro, elected in 1864 for a constitutional two-year term. The longest serving president was Rafael Núñez Moledo with 10 years, 5 months, and 17 days, of which only 2 years, 4 months, and 5 days were actually served as the elected president of the United States of Colombia, but still longer than anyone else. Francisco Javier Zaldúa y Racines spent the shortest time in office with just 8 months, and 20 days in 1882.

The [[Granadine Confederation#Constitution of 1858|Colombian Constitution of 1858]] had effectively abolished the vice presidency, and introduced a new line of succession system featuring the figures of first, second, and third [[Presidential Designate (Colombia)|Presidential designates]]. These designates were elected annually by Congress amongst its members, but held no office or duties other than providing a succession for the president in the event of the resident's temporal or permanent absence. Both changes to vice presidency and presidential designates were kept by the Colombian Constitution of 1863. This system of succession was implemented in 1882 when President Zaldúa died in office and the third presidential designate, [[Clímaco Calderón Reyes]], became acting president while the first presidential designate, Rafael Núñez Moledo, took office, however Núñez turned down the presidency and therefore the second presidential designate, José Eusebio Otálora Martínez, succeeded Zaldúa to presidency.

; '''Political parties'''
{{legend2|#FF3333|[[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="10" | [[File:Flag of Colombia.svg|30px]] • [[United States of Colombia]] • [[File:Coat of arms of United States of Colombia.svg|30px]]
|-
! No.
! Portrait
! Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
! Elected
! Took office
! Left office
!'''Time in office'''
! Political party
! [[Vice President of Colombia|Vice President]]<ref group="n" name="vicepresident3"/>
! Acting presidents
|-
! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|1}}
| [[File:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 2.JPG|139x139px]]
| [[Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera|Tomás Cipriano<br />de Mosquera y Arboleda]]<br /><small>(1798&ndash;1878)</small><br /><ref name=mosquera/>
| [[1860 Colombian presidential election|1860]]
| 14 May 1863
| 1 April 1864
|{{Age in years and days|1863|May|14|1864|April|1}}
| [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Radical)</small>
| bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
| <small>[[Juan Agustín de Uricoechea y Rocha]]</small><br /><small>(29 January 1864&ndash;28 February 1864)</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|2}}
|[[File:Presidente Manuel Murillo Toro.jpg|127x127px]]
| [[Manuel Murillo Toro|Manuel<br />Murillo Toro]]<br /><small>(1816&ndash;1880)</small><br /><ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Biography of Manuel Murillo Toro |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020132226/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_20.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_20.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| [[1864 Colombian presidential election|1864]]
| 1 April 1864
| 1 April 1866
|2 years
| [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Radical)</small>
| bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
| bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
|-
! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|3}}
| [[File:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 2.JPG|139x139px]]
| [[Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera|Tomás Cipriano<br />de Mosquera y Arboleda]]<br /><small>(1798&ndash;1878)</small><br /><ref name=mosquera/>
| [[1866 Colombian presidential election|1866]]
| 1 April 1866
| 23 May 1867
|{{Age in years and days|1866|April|1|1867|May|23}}
| [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Moderate)</small>
| bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
| <small>[[José María Rojas Garrido]]</small><br /><small>(1 April 1866&ndash;22 May 1866)</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|4}}
| [[File:Manuel María de los Santos Acosta.jpg|165x165px]]
| [[Santos Acosta Castillo|Santos<br />Acosta Castillo]]<br /><small>(1828&ndash;1901)</small><br /><ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Biography of Santos Acosta Castillo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020130925/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_21.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_21.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|—
| 23 May 1867<br /><ref group="n" name="coup"/>
| 1 April 1868
|{{Age in years and days|1867|May|23|1868|April|1}}
| [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Radical)</small>
| bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
|bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
|-
! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|5}}
| [[File:Santos Gutiérrez.jpg|136x136px]]
| [[Santos Gutiérrez Prieto|Santos<br />Gutiérrez Prieto]]<br /><small>(1820&ndash;1872)</small><br /><ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=Biography of Santos Gutiérrez Prieto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020130923/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_22.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_22.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| [[1868 Colombian presidential election|1868]]
| 1 April 1868
| 1 April 1870
|2 years
| [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Radical)</small>
| bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
| <small>[[Salvador Camacho Roldán]]</small><br /><small>(21 December 1868&ndash;2 January 1869)</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|6}}
| [[File:Óleo Eustorgio Salgar.jpg|113x113px]]
| [[Eustorgio Salgar|Eustorgio<br />Salgar Moreno]]<br /><small>(1831&ndash;1885)</small><br /><ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=Biography of Eustorgio Salgar Moreno |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020132345/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_23.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_23.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| [[1870 Colombian presidential election|1870]]
| 1 April 1870
| 1 April 1872
|2 years
| [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Radical)</small>
| bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
|bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
|-
! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|7}}
|[[File:Presidente Manuel Murillo Toro.jpg|127x127px]]
| [[Manuel Murillo Toro|Manuel<br />Murillo Toro]]<br /><small>(1816&ndash;1880)</small><br /><ref name=":4">{{cite web |title=Biography of Manuel Murillo Toro |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020132226/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_20.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_20.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| [[1872 Colombian presidential election|1872]]
| 1 April 1872
| 1 April 1874
|2 years
| [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Radical)</small>
| bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
|bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
|-
! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}}" | {{color|white|8}}
| [[File:Santiago Pérez Manosalva.png|105x105px]]
| [[Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas|Santiago<br />Pérez de Manosalbas]]<br /><small>(1830&ndash;1900)</small><br /><ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Biography of Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020130816/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_24.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_24.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| [[1874 Colombian presidential election|1874]]
| 1 April 1874
| 1 April 1876
|2 years
| [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Radical)</small>
| bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
|bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
|-
! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|9}}
| [[File:Aquileo Parra Gómez.jpg|132x132px]]
| [[Aquileo Parra|Aquileo<br />Parra Gómez]]<br /><small>(1825&ndash;1900)</small><br /><ref name=":6">{{cite web|title=Biography of Santiago Aquileo Parra Gómez|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130713205508/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_25.html|archive-date=13 July 2013|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_25.html|publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co|access-date=15 November 2012|url-status=live|language=es}}</ref>
| [[1876 Colombian presidential election|1876]]
| 1 April 1876
| 1 April 1878
|2 years
| [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Radical)</small>
| bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
| <small>[[José Sergio Camargo Pinzón]]</small><br /><small>(19 May 1877&ndash;14 August 1877)</small><br />[[Manuel María Ramírez Fortoul]]<br /><small>(22 December 1877&ndash;24 December 1877)</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|10}}
| [[File:Presidente Julián Trujillo Largacha.jpg|127x127px]]
| [[Julián Trujillo Largacha|Julián<br />Trujillo Largacha]]<br /><small>(1828&ndash;1883)</small><br /><ref name=":7">{{cite web |title=Biography of Julián Trujillo Largacha |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020132557/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_26.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_26.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| [[1878 Colombian presidential election|1878]]
| 1 April 1878
| 1 April 1880
|2 years
| [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Radical)</small>
| bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
|bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
|-
! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|11}}
| [[File:Rafael Núñez, ca.1886.jpg|114x114px]]
| [[Rafael Núñez (politician)|Rafael<br />Núñez Moledo]]<br /><small>(1825&ndash;1894)</small><br /><ref name=nunez>{{cite web |title=Biography of Rafael Núñez Moledo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020132844/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_34.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_34.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> 
| [[1880 Colombian presidential election|1880]]
| 1 April 1880 
| 1 April 1882
|2 years
| [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Independent)</small>
| bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
|bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
|-
! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|12}}
| [[File:Retrato Francisco Javier Zaldua.jpg|150x150px]]
| [[Francisco Javier Zaldúa|Francisco Javier<br />Zaldúa y Racines]]<br /><small>(1811&ndash;1882)</small><br /><ref name=":8">{{cite web |title=Biography of Francisco Javier Zaldúa y Racines |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020130455/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_28.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_28.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| [[1882 Colombian presidential election|1882]]
| 1 April 1882
| 21 December 1882<br /><ref group="n" name="died"/>
|{{Age in years and days|1882|April|1|1882|December|21}}
| [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Independent)</small>
| bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
|bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
|-
! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|13}}
| [[File:José Eusebio Otálora.jpg|136x136px]]
| [[José Eusebio Otálora|José Eusebio<br />Otálora Martínez]]<br /><small>(1826&ndash;1884)</small><br /><ref name=":9">{{cite web |title=Biography of José Eusebio Otálora Martínez |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020131154/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_30.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_30.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|—
| 21 December 1882
| 1 April 1884
|{{Age in years and days|1882|December|21|1884|April|1}}
| [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Independent)</small>
| bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
| <small>[[Clímaco Calderón Reyes]]</small><br /><small>(21 December 1882&ndash; 22 December 1882)</small>
|-
! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|14}}
| [[File:Rafael Núñez, ca.1886.jpg|114x114px]]
| [[Rafael Núñez (politician)|Rafael<br />Núñez Moledo]]<br /><small>(1825&ndash;1894)</small><br /><ref name=nunez/>
| [[1884 Colombian presidential election|1884]] 
| 1 April 1884 
| 1 April 1886
|2 years
| [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Independent)</small>
| bgcolor=#aaaaaa| 
| <small>[[Ezequiel Hurtado Hurtado]]</small><br /><small>(1 April 1884&ndash; 11 August 1884)</small><br />[[José María Campo Serrano]]<br /><small>(1 April 1886&ndash; 7 August 1886)</small>
|}