Editing Linus Pauling (section)

===Wartime work===
[[File:Beckman D2 Oxygen Analyzer 2012 002 5132 cn69m4659.tiff|thumb|right|Beckman D2 Oxygen Analyzer, ca. 1950]]
Pauling had been practically apolitical until [[World War II]]. At the beginning of the [[Manhattan Project]], Robert Oppenheimer invited him to be in charge of the Chemistry division of the project. He declined, not wanting to uproot his family.<ref name="Hiroshima">{{Cite web |title=Hiroshima |url=http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/peace/narrative/page4.html |access-date=May 27, 2015 |website=Linus Pauling and the International Peace Movement |publisher=Special Collections & Archives Research Center, Oregon State University}}</ref>

[[File:Beckman Model 735 Dissolved O2 Analyzer 2012 002 3598 jm214p459 crop.tiff|thumb|right|
Beckman Model 735 Dissolved {{O2|nolink=no}} Analyzer, later model based on Pauling's design, 1968]]
[[File:Beckman Model D Oxygen Meter with infant incubator 73666474j.tiff|thumb|right|Beckman Model D Oxygen Meter, based on Pauling's design, with infant incubator, 1959]]

Pauling did, however, work on research for the military. He was a principal investigator on 14 [[Office of Scientific Research and Development|OSRD contracts]].<ref name="Kay2">{{Cite book |last=Kay |first=Lily E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVtMCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT161 |title=The molecular vision of life : Caltech, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the rise of the new biology |date=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-511143-9 |location=New York |page=179 |access-date=December 27, 2015}}</ref>  The [[National Defense Research Committee]] called a meeting on October 3, 1940, wanting an instrument that could reliably measure oxygen content in a mixture of gases, so that they could measure oxygen conditions in submarines and airplanes. In response Pauling designed the Pauling oxygen meter, which was developed and manufactured by [[Arnold O. Beckman|Arnold O. Beckman, Inc.]] After the war, Beckman adapted the oxygen analyzers for use in incubators for premature babies.<ref name="hundred">{{Cite book |last1=Thackray |first1=Arnold |author1-link=Arnold Thackray |title=Arnold O. Beckman : one hundred years of excellence |last2=Minor Myers, Jr. |publisher=Chemical Heritage Foundation |others=foreword by James D. Watson |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-941901-23-9 |location=Philadelphia, Pa. |name-list-style=amp}}</ref>{{rp|180–186}}<ref name="D2OxygenAnalyzer">{{Cite web |title=Beckman D2 Oxygen Analyzer |url=http://www.woodlibrarymuseum.org/museum/item/525/beckman-d2-oxygen-analyzer |access-date=May 28, 2015 |website=Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology}}</ref>

In 1942, Pauling successfully submitted a proposal on "The Chemical Treatment of Protein Solutions in the Attempt to Find a Substitute for Human Serum for Transfusions". His project group, which included Joseph B. Koepfli and Dan H. Campbell, developed a possible replacement for [[Blood plasma|human blood plasma]] in [[Blood transfusion|transfusions]]: [[polyoxy gelatin]] (Oxypolygelatin).<ref name="Oxypolygelatin">{{Cite web |date=January 27, 2009 |title=Blood and War: The Development of Oxypolygelatin, Part 1 |url=https://paulingblog.wordpress.com/2009/01/27/blood-and-war-the-development-of-oxypolygelatin-part-1/ |access-date=May 28, 2015 |website=The Pauling Blog}}</ref><ref name="Chadarevian">{{Cite book |last=Chadarevian |first=Soraya de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A2B4AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA109 |title=Molecularizing biology and medicine new practices and alliances, 1910s–1970s |date=1998 |publisher=Harwood Academic |isbn=978-90-5702-293-7 |location=Amsterdam |page=109 |access-date=May 28, 2015}}</ref>

Other wartime projects with more direct military applications included work on explosives, rocket propellants and the patent for an armor-piercing shell.  In October 1948, Pauling, along with [[Lee Alvin DuBridge|Lee A. DuBridge]], [[William Alfred Fowler|William A. Fowler]], [[Max Mason]], and [[Bruce Hornbrook Sage|Bruce H. Sage]], was awarded a [[Presidential Medal for Merit]] by President [[Harry S. Truman]].  The citation credits him for his "imaginative mind", "brilliant success", and "exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services".<ref name="PMFM">{{Cite web |title=Presidential Medal for Merit |url=http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/awards/1948h.1.html |access-date=May 28, 2015 |website=Linus Pauling Awards Honors and Medals}}</ref><ref name="NLM">{{Cite web |title=The Linus Pauling Papers: Biographical Information |url=https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/MM/Views/Exhibit/narrative/biographical.html |access-date=February 11, 2008 |publisher=United States National Library of Medicine}}</ref><ref name="Paulus">{{Cite news |last=Paulus |first=John Allen |date=November 5, 1995 |title=Pauling's Prizes |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05E3DE1739F936A35752C1A963958260& |access-date=December 9, 2007}}</ref>  In 1949, he served as president of the [[American Chemical Society]].<ref name="ACS1949">{{Cite web |title=ACS President: Linus Pauling (1901–1994) |url=http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/about/president/acspresidents/linus-pauling.html |access-date=June 1, 2015 |website=ACS Chemistry for Life}}</ref>