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===Consonants=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" | ![[Labial consonant|Labial]] ![[Coronal consonant|Coronal]] ![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]] ![[Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]] |- ! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | style="border-right:0" |''m'' {{IPAslink|m}} | style="border-right:0" |''n'' {{IPAslink|n}} |''ny'' /{{IPA link|ɲ}}/ | style="border-right:0" | |- ! rowspan="4" |[[Plosive consonant|Plosive]] !{{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}} | style="border-right:0" |''p'' {{IPAslink|p}} | style="border-right:0" |''t'' {{IPAslink|t}} | | style="border-right:0" |''k'' {{IPAslink|k}} |- !{{small|[[Prenasalized consonant|prenasal]] [[voicelessness|voiceless]]}} | style="border-right:0" |''mp'' {{IPA|/ᵐp/}} | style="border-right:0" |''nt'' {{IPA|/ⁿt/}} | | style="border-right:0" |''nk'' {{IPA|/ᵑk/}} |- !{{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}} |''b'' {{IPAslink|b}} |''d'' {{IPAslink|d}} | |''g'' {{IPAslink|ɡ}} |- !{{small|[[Prenasalized consonant|prenasal]] [[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}} |''mb'' {{IPA|/ᵐb/}} |''nd'' {{IPA|/ⁿd/}} | |''ng'' {{IPAslink|ᵑɡ}} |- ! rowspan="4" |[[Fricative]] !{{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}} | style="border-right:0" |''f'' {{IPAslink|f}} | style="border-right:0" |''s'' {{IPAslink|s}} |''sh'' /{{IPA link|ʃ}}/ | |- !{{small|[[Prenasalized consonant|prenasal]] [[voicelessness|voiceless]]}} | style="border-right:0" | | style="border-right:0" |''ns'' {{IPA|/ⁿs/}} | | |- !{{small|[[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}} |''v'' {{IPAslink|v}} |''z'' {{IPAslink|z}} |(/{{IPA link|ʒ}}/) | |- !{{small|[[Prenasalized consonant|prenasal]] [[voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}} | |''nz'' {{IPA|/ⁿz/}} | | |- ! colspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]] | style="border-right:0" |''w'' {{IPAslink|w}} | style="border-right:0" |''l'' {{IPAslink|l}} |''y'' {{IPAslink|j}} | style="border-right:0" | |} {| class="wikitable" ! IPA ! Example (IPA) ! Example (written) ! Meaning |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA link|p}} | {{IPA|/napɛ́si/}} | napɛ́sí | I give |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA|ᵐp}} | {{IPA|/ᵐpɛᵐbɛ́ni/}} | mpɛmbɛ́ni | near |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA link|b}} | {{IPA|/boliᵑɡo/}} | bolingo | love |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA|ᵐb}} | {{IPA|/ᵐbɛlí/}} | mbɛlí | knife |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA link|t}} | {{IPA|/litéja/}} | litéya | lesson |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA|ⁿt}} | {{IPA|/ⁿtɔ́ᵑɡɔ́/}} | ntɔ́ngó | dawn |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA link|d}} | {{IPA|/daidai/}} | daidai | sticky |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA|ⁿd}} | {{IPA|/ⁿdeko/}} | ndeko | sibling, cousin, relative |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA link|k}} | {{IPA|/mokɔlɔ/}} | mokɔlɔ | day |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA|ᵑk}} | {{IPA|/ᵑkóló/}} | nkóló | owner |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA link|ɡ}} | {{IPA|/ɡalamɛ́lɛ/}} | galamɛ́lɛ | grammar |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA|ᵑɡ}} | {{IPA|/ᵑɡáí/}} | ngáí | me |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA link|m}} | {{IPA|/mamá/}} | mamá | mother |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA link|n}} | {{IPA|/bojini/}} | boyini | hate |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA link|ɲ}} | {{IPA|/ɲama/}} | nyama | animal |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA link|f}} | {{IPA|/fɔtɔ́/}} | fɔtɔ́ | photograph |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA link|v}} | {{IPA|/veló/}} | veló | bicycle |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA link|s}} | {{IPA|/sɔ̂lɔ/}} | sɔ̂lɔ | truly |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA|ⁿs}} | {{IPA|/ɲɔ́ⁿsɔ/}} | nyɔ́nsɔ | all |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA link|z}} | {{IPA|/zɛ́lɔ/}} | zɛ́lɔ | sand |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA|ⁿz}}{{efn|{{IPA|[ᶮʒ]}} is allophonic with {{IPAblink|ʒ}} depending on the dialect.}} | {{IPA|/ⁿzáᵐbe/}} | nzámbe | God |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA link|ʃ}} | {{IPA|/ʃakú/}} | cakú or shakú | African grey parrot |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA link|l}} | {{IPA|/ɔ́lɔ/}} | ɔ́lɔ | gold |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA link|j}} | {{IPA|/jé/}} | yé | him; her (object pronoun) |- | style="font-size: larger;" | {{IPA link|w}} | {{IPA|/wápi/}} | wápi | where |} {{notelist}} ====Prenasalized consonants==== The [[prenasalized stop]]s formed with a nasal followed by a voiceless plosive are [[allophone|allophonic]] to the voiceless plosives alone in some variations of Lingala. * {{IPA|/ᵐp/}}: {{IPA|[ᵐp]}} or {{IPA|[p]}} *: e.g.: mpɛmbɛ́ni is pronounced {{IPA|[ᵐpɛᵐbɛ́ni]}} but in some variations {{IPA|[pɛᵐbɛ́ni]}} * {{IPA|/ⁿt/}}: {{IPA|[ⁿt]}} or {{IPA|[t]}} *: e.g.: ntɔ́ngó is pronounced {{IPA|ⁿtɔ́ᵑɡó}} but in some variations {{IPA|[tɔ́ᵑɡó]}} * {{IPA|/ᵑk/}}: {{IPA|[ᵑk]}} or {{IPA|[k]}} *: e.g.: nkanya (''fork'') is pronounced {{IPA|[ᵑkaɲa]}} but in some variations {{IPA|[kaɲa]}} * {{IPA|/ⁿs/}}: {{IPA|[ⁿs]}} or {{IPA|[s]}} (inside a word) *: e.g.: nyɔnsɔ is pronounced {{IPA|[ɲɔ́ⁿsɔ]}} but in some variations {{IPA|[ɲɔ́sɔ]}} The prenasalized voiced occlusives, {{IPA|/ᵐb/, /ⁿd/, /ᵑɡ/, /ⁿz/}}, do not vary.
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