Editing Lebanon (section)

=== Post-war revolution and spillover of the Syrian conflict ===
{{main|Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon|2011 Lebanese protests|17 October Revolution}}
On 12 July 2006, [[Hezbollah]] launched a series of rocket attacks and [[2006 Hezbollah cross-border raid|raids]] into Israeli territory, where they killed three Israeli soldiers and captured two others.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/13/world/africa/13iht-web.0713mideast.2188501.html | work=The New York Times | first1=Greg | last1=Myre | first2=Steven | last2=Erlanger | title=Clashes spread to Lebanon as Hezbollah raids Israel – Africa & Middle East – International Herald Tribune | date=12 July 2006 | access-date=19 February 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701013043/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/13/world/africa/13iht-web.0713mideast.2188501.html | archive-date=1 July 2017 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all}}</ref> Israel responded with [[airstrike]]s and [[artillery]] fire on targets in Lebanon, and a ground invasion of [[southern Lebanon]], resulting in the [[2006 Lebanon War]]. The conflict was officially ended by the [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701|UNSC Resolution 1701]] on 14 August 2006, which ordered a ceasefire, the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Lebanon, and the disarmament of Hezbollah.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8808.doc.htm|title=Security Council calls for end to hostilities between Hizbollah, Israel|date=11 August 2006|publisher=UN – Security Council, Department of Public Information|access-date=19 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130025538/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8808.doc.htm|archive-date=30 January 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 August 2023 |title=Hold your breath |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2006/08/24/hold-your-breath |access-date= |issn=0013-0613 |archive-date=31 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231231162650/https://www.economist.com/leaders/2006/08/24/hold-your-breath |url-status=live }}</ref> Some 1,191 Lebanese<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lebanonundersiege.gov.lb/english/F/Main/index.asp |title=Lebanon Under Siege |date=27 September 2006 |access-date=5 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927025252/http://www.lebanonundersiege.gov.lb/english/F/Main/index.asp |archive-date=27 September 2006}}</ref> and 160 Israelis<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+from+Lebanon-+Hizbullah/Israel-Hizbullah+conflict-+Victims+of+rocket+attacks+and+IDF+casualties+July-Aug+2006.htm |title=Israel-Hizbullah conflict: Victims of rocket attacks and IDF casualties July–Aug 2006 |publisher=Mfa.gov.il |access-date=5 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624211414/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+from+Lebanon-+Hizbullah/Israel-Hizbullah+conflict-+Victims+of+rocket+attacks+and+IDF+casualties+July-Aug+2006.htm |archive-date=24 June 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> were [[Casualties of the 2006 Lebanon War|killed]] in the conflict. Beirut's southern suburb was heavily damaged by Israeli airstrikes.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/07/13/mideast/index.html | publisher=CNN | title=Israeli warplanes hit Beirut suburb | date=13 July 2006 | access-date=6 January 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429061457/http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/07/13/mideast/index.html | archive-date=29 April 2007 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In 2007, the [[Nahr al-Bared]] refugee camp became the center of the [[2007 Lebanon conflict]] between the Lebanese Army and [[Fatah al-Islam]]. At least 169 soldiers, 287 insurgents and 47 civilians were killed in the battle. Funds for the reconstruction of the area have been slow to materialize.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=81306 |title=Life set to get harder for Nahr al-Bared refugees |publisher=UN IRIN newsg |date=5 November 2008 |access-date=17 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922104134/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=81306 |archive-date=22 September 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Between 2006 and 2008, [[2006–2008 Lebanese political protests|a series of protests]] led by groups opposed to the pro-Western Prime Minister [[Fouad Siniora]] demanded the creation of a national unity government, over which the mostly Shia opposition groups would have veto power. When [[Émile Lahoud]]'s presidential term ended in October 2007, the opposition refused to vote for a successor unless a power-sharing deal was reached, leaving Lebanon without a president.

On 7 May 2008, [[Hezbollah]] and [[Amal Movement|Amal]] forces, sparked by a government declaration that Hezbollah's communications network was illegal, seized western [[Beirut]],<ref name="Global Politician">{{cite news|url=http://www.globalpolitician.com/24841-lebanon|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628234738/http://www.globalpolitician.com/24841-lebanon|archive-date=28 June 2011|title=Lebanon back to Normalcy?|last=Ruff|first=Abdul|date=1 June 2008|work=Global Politician|access-date=19 October 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Zisser |first=Eyal |title=The Sunni-Shi'i Struggle over Lebanon: A New Chapter in the History of Lebanon |date=2011 |url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137495068_9 |work=The Sunna and Shi’a in History: Division and Ecumenism in the Muslim Middle East |pages=145–161 |editor-last=Bengio |editor-first=Ofra |access-date=7 January 2024 |place=New York |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US |language=en |doi=10.1057/9781137495068_9 |isbn=978-1-137-49506-8 |editor2-last=Litvak |editor2-first=Meir}}</ref> the most important Sunni center in Lebanon, leading to an [[2008 Lebanon conflict|intrastate military conflict]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stewart |first=Elizabeth |last2=Statton |first2=Allegra |date=2008-05-08 |title=Violence escalates between Sunni and Shia in Beirut |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/may/08/lebanon |access-date=2025-04-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Beirut street clashes turn deadly |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20080509-beirut-street-clashes-turn-deadly-lebanon-hezbollah?navi=MONDE |publisher=[[France 24]] |access-date=9 May 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204041825/http://www.france24.com/en/20080509-beirut-street-clashes-turn-deadly-lebanon-hezbollah?navi=MONDE |archive-date=4 December 2010 |date = 9 May 2008}}</ref> The Lebanese government denounced the violence as a coup attempt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tni.org/article/walking-tight-wire|title=Walking the tight wire – Conversations on the May 2008 Lebanese crisis|last=Martínez|first=Beatriz|author2=Francesco Volpicella|date=September 2008|publisher=Transnational Institute|access-date=9 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323224102/http://www.tni.org/article/walking-tight-wire|archive-date=23 March 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> At least 62 people died in the resulting clashes between pro-government and opposition militias.<ref name="Doha NYT" /> On 21 May 2008, the signing of the [[Doha Agreement (2008)|Doha Agreement]] ended the fighting.<ref name="Global Politician" /><ref name="Doha NYT" /> As part of the accord, which ended 18 months of political paralysis,<ref name = "Doha">{{cite news|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=1&categ_id=2&article_id=92308|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305232232/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=1&categ_id=2&article_id=92308|archive-date=5 March 2009|title=Lebanese rivals set to elect president after historic accord|last=Abdallah |first=Hussein|date=22 May 2008|work=[[Daily Star (Lebanon)|The Daily Star]]|access-date=19 October 2009}}</ref> [[Michel Suleiman]] became president and a national unity government was established, granting a veto to the opposition.<ref name="Global Politician" /> The agreement was a victory for opposition forces, as the government caved in to all their main demands.<ref name="Doha NYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/16/world/middleeast/16lebanon.html|title=Feuding Political Camps in Lebanon Agree to Talk to End Impasse|last=Worth|first=Robert|author2=Nada Bakri|date=16 May 2008|work=The New York Times|access-date=19 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211002146/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/16/world/middleeast/16lebanon.html|archive-date=11 December 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Shatila_-_street_view_(3).jpg|thumb|Over 20,000 [[Syrians in Lebanon|Syrian]] and [[Palestinian refugees]] live in the [[Shatila refugee camp]] on the outskirts of Beirut.]]
In early January 2011, the [[Lebanese government of November 2009|national unity government]] collapsed due to growing tensions stemming from the [[Special Tribunal for Lebanon]], which was expected to indict Hezbollah members for the Hariri assassination.<ref name="BBC collapse">{{cite news|title=Hezbollah and allies topple Lebanese unity government|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12170608|access-date=12 January 2011|publisher=BBC|date=12 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110113042200/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12170608|archive-date=13 January 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> The parliament elected [[Najib Mikati]], the candidate for the Hezbollah-led [[March 8 Alliance]], Prime Minister of Lebanon, making him responsible for forming a new government.<ref name="NYT collapse">{{cite news|last=Bakri|first=Nada|author-link=Nada Bakri |title=Resignations Deepen Crisis for Lebanon |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/13/world/middleeast/13lebanon.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1|access-date=12 January 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|date=12 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110084949/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/13/world/middleeast/13lebanon.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1|archive-date=10 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Hezbollah leader [[Hassan Nasrallah]] later accused Israel of assassinating Hariri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2010-08-09/world/lebanon.nasrallah.israel_1_hezbollah-leader-hassan-nasrallah-israelis?_s=PM:WORLD |title=Hezbollah chief: Israel killed Hariri |work=CNN|date=9 August 2010 |access-date=17 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116235714/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-08-09/world/lebanon.nasrallah.israel_1_hezbollah-leader-hassan-nasrallah-israelis?_s=PM%3AWORLD |archive-date=16 January 2013}}</ref> A report leaked by the [[Al Akhbar (Lebanon)|Al-Akhbar]] newspaper in November 2010 stated that Hezbollah had drafted plans for a violent takeover of the country in case the Special Tribunal for Lebanon issued an indictment against its members.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hezbollah Threatens an 'Explosion' in Beirut Over Tribunal|url=http://www.stratfor.com/sample/analysis/hezbollah-threatens-explosion-beirut-over-tribunal|publisher=Stratfor|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110160410/http://www.stratfor.com/sample/analysis/hezbollah-threatens-explosion-beirut-over-tribunal|archive-date=10 November 2013}}</ref>

In 2012, the [[Syrian civil war]] threatened to spill over in Lebanon, causing [[Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon|incidents of sectarian violence]] and armed clashes between [[Lebanese Sunni Muslims|Sunnis]] and [[Alawites in Lebanon|Alawites]] in Tripoli.<ref>{{cite news|title=Syrian War Plays Out Along a Street in Lebanon|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/world/middleeast/syrian-war-plays-out-along-a-street-in-lebanon.html?ref=middleeast|work=The New York Times|author=Cave, Damien|date=23 August 2012|access-date=19 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701041958/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/world/middleeast/syrian-war-plays-out-along-a-street-in-lebanon.html?ref=middleeast|archive-date=1 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> According to [[UNHCR]], the number of [[Refugees of the Syrian civil war|Syrian refugees]] in Lebanon increased from around 250,000 in early 2013 to 1,000,000 in late 2014.<ref name=refugees>{{cite web|title=Syria Regional Refugee Response – Lebanon| work=UNHCR Syria Regional Refugee Response |url=http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/country.php?id=122|publisher=UNHCR|access-date=9 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626091416/http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/country.php?id=122|archive-date=26 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, The [[Lebanese Forces Party]], the [[Kataeb Party]] and the [[Free Patriotic Movement]] voiced concerns that the country's sectarian based political system is being undermined by the influx of Syrian refugees.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kverme|first=Kai|title=The Refugee Factor|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/2013/02/14/refugee-factor/fgl0|publisher=SADA|access-date=14 February 2013|date=14 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192335/http://carnegieendowment.org/2013/02/14/refugee-factor/fgl0|archive-date=29 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> On 6 May 2015, [[UNHCR]] suspended registration of Syrian refugees at the request of the Lebanese government.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Janmyr|first=Maja|date=16 March 2018|title=UNHCR and the Syrian refugee response: negotiating status and registration in Lebanon|journal=The International Journal of Human Rights|volume=22|issue=3|pages=393–419|doi=10.1080/13642987.2017.1371140|issn=1364-2987|doi-access=free|hdl=1956/17996|hdl-access=free}}</ref> In February 2016, the Lebanese government signed the Lebanon Compact, granting a minimum of €400 million of support for refugees and vulnerable Lebanese citizens.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Tsourapas|first=Gerasimos|date=4 May 2019|title=The Syrian Refugee Crisis and Foreign Policy Decision-Making in Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey|journal=Journal of Global Security Studies|volume=4|issue=4|pages=464–481|language=en|doi=10.1093/jogss/ogz016|issn=2057-3170|doi-access=free}}</ref> As of October 2016, the government estimated that the country hosts 1.5 million Syrians.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/53061 | title=Document - Lebanon Crisis Response Plan (LCRP) 2017–2020 – full version | access-date=12 January 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230101444/https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/53061 | archive-date=30 December 2018 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all}}</ref>