Editing Lawrence, Massachusetts (section)

=== Timeline ===
{{hidden begin
|title = Timeline of Lawrence, Massachusetts
|titlestyle = background:#F8F8FF;width:90%
}}
* 1845
** Essex Company begins construction of the dam and [[North Canal|canal]] on [[Merrimack River]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Museum of American Textile History: Archival Sources for Business History |author=Dorothy Truman |journal=Business History Review |volume= 60 |date=Winter 1986 }}</ref>
* 1846
** [[Essex Company Machine Shop]] built.
** Lawrence Street Church organized.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
** Church of the Immaculate Conception established.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
* 1847
** Town of Lawrence incorporated from [[Methuen, Massachusetts|Methuen]] and [[Andover, Massachusetts|Andover]]; named after businessman [[Abbott Lawrence]].{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
** ''Lawrence Courier'' newspaper in publication.<ref name="lc">{{cite web |url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/search/titles/results/?state=Massachusetts&city=Lawrence&rows=50&sort=date |title=US Newspaper Directory |location=Washington DC |work=[[Chronicling America]] |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=September 25, 2012}}</ref>
** [[Bellevue Cemetery]] established.
** Franklin Library Association formed.<ref name=davies>{{cite web |url=http://www.princeton.edu/~davpro/databases/index.html |title=American Libraries before 1876 |author= Davies Project |publisher=Princeton University |access-date=September 25, 2012}}</ref>
** First Baptist Church, First Free Baptist Church, First Unitarian Society, Church of the Good Shepherd, and First Methodist Episcopal Church established{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
* 1848
** [[Boston & Maine Railroad]] depot established in South Lawrence.<ref name=queen />
** [[Great Stone Dam|Lawrence Dam]] constructed across Merrimack River.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Nineteenth-Century Hydropower: Design and Construction of Lawrence Dam, 1845–1848
|author= Peter M. Molloy |journal=Winterthur Portfolio |volume= 15 |date=Winter 1980 }}</ref>
** Bay State woollen mills begin operating.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = American Woolen Co. |title = A Sketch of the Mills of the American Woolen Company |date = 1901 |oclc = 3286127 |ol = 23521562M }}</ref>
** St. Mary's Church organized.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
* 1849
** [[Manchester and Lawrence Railroad]] begins operating.
** ''Lawrence Sentinel'' newspaper begins publication.<ref name="lc" />
** Central Church organized.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
** Atlantic Cotton Mills starts in business.{{sfn|Merrill|1894}}
** Lawrence Gas Company formed.{{sfn|Merrill|1894}}
** Lawrence Brass Band formed.{{sfn|Merrill|1894}}
* 1850 – Population: 8,282.
* 1851 – [[Grace Episcopal Church (Lawrence, Massachusetts)|Grace Episcopal Church]] built.
* 1853
** The City of Lawrence incorporated as a municipal government.
** Charles S. Storrow becomes the first city mayor.{{sfn|Ford|2000}}
** Lawrence Duck Company in business.{{sfn|Merrill|1894}}
** Garden Street Methodist Episcopal Church organized as a congregation of the [[Methodist Episcopal Church]].{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
* 1854
** Additional part of [[Methuen, Massachusetts|Methuen]] annexed to the City of Lawrence.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
** Pacific Mills starts operating in business.{{sfn|Merrill|1894}}<ref>{{Citation |location = Lawrence, Mass |author = Pacific Mills |title = The manufacture, dyeing, printing, and finishing of textiles |date = 1918 |oclc = 15206587 |ol = 24601389M }}</ref>
** Lawrence Paper Company incorporated.<ref>{{cite book |title=Massachusetts Register for the year 1855 |url=https://archive.org/stream/massachusettsreg1855bost#page/n9/mode/2up |publisher=Boston : George Adams |year=1852 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Ballou's Pictorial |url=https://archive.org/stream/ballouspictorial0708ball#page/356/mode/2up |year=1855 |publisher=Boston, Mass. : M.M. Ballou }}</ref>
* 1855 – [[Pemberton Mill|Pemberton Company]] in business.{{sfn|Merrill|1894}}
* 1860
** January – [[Pemberton Mill]] building collapse.
** Population according to decennial [[United States Census]]: 17,639.
* 1861 – [[Massachusetts National Guard|Massachusetts state militia]] called up by [[Governor of Massachusetts|Governor]] in response to a proclamation by 16th President [[Abraham Lincoln]] of a state of rebellion in the South following firing on [[Fort Sumter]] in [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston harbor]] in [[South Carolina]] Confederate forces on April 12. Sixth Regiment earliest to respond with men from Lawrence, Lowell, Methuen, Stoneham, Boston. Heads south by train and is attacked by mobs of Southern sympathizers in Baltimore along Pratt Street while being pulled through on horse cars and later marching between the [[President Street Station]] of the [[Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad]] on the east of the harbor to the [[Camden Station|Camden Street Station]] of the [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] on way to the national capital at [[Washington, D.C.]] on Friday, April 19. Four soldiers were killed and numerous wounded among Baltimorean civilians as city police and officials attempted to escort troops. Considered the "First Bloodshed of the Civil War".
* Second [[Baptists|Baptist Church]] established.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
* 1864 – [[Moseley Wrought Iron Arch Bridge|Moseley Truss Bridge]] built.
* 1865
** Eliot Congregational Church organized.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
** Arlington Mills in business.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = Priv. print. by the Plimpton Press |location = Norwood, Mass |title=Arlington Mills, 1865–1925 |date = 1925 |ol = 16338470M }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |publisher = Press of Rockwell and Churchill |location = Boston |title = The Arlington Mills |date = 1891 |ol = 16339180M }}</ref>
** Wright Manufacturing Co. formed.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
* 1867 – Lawrence Flyer and Spindle Works in business.{{sfn|Hurd|1888}}
* 1868
** ''[[The Eagle-Tribune|Lawrence Daily Eagle]]'' newspaper begins publication.
** South Congregational Church and First Presbyterian Church established.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
* 1871
** Archibald Wheel Co. incorporated.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
** Parker Street Methodist Episcopal Church and St. Anne's Church organized.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
* 1872 – Free Public Library established<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lawrencefreelibrary.org/About2.html |title=History of the Lawrence Public Library |publisher=Lawrence Public Library |access-date=September 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319200929/http://www.lawrencefreelibrary.org/About2.html |archive-date=March 19, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 1873 – St. Laurence's Church dedicated.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
* 1876 – YMCA formed.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
* 1877
** Lawrence Bleachery established.{{sfn|Hurd|1888}}
** Tower Hill Congregational Church organized.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
* 1878 – German Methodist Episcopal Church organized.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
* 1879
** Parts of [[Andover, Massachusetts|Andover]] and North Andover annexed to Lawrence.{{sfn|Britannica|1910}}
** German Presbyterian Church organized.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
** Lawrence Bicycle Club formed.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
* 1880
** Globe Worsted Co. incorporated.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
** Bodwell Street M.E. Church organized.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
* 1881
** Lawrence Line Company incorporated.{{sfn|Merrill|1894}}
** Munroe Felt and Paper Company incorporated.<ref name=queen>{{cite web |url=http://queencityma.wordpress.com/ |title=Queen City Massachusetts (blog) |author=Lawrence Public Library Special Collections |access-date=September 25, 2012}}</ref>
** Merrimac Paper Company incorporated.{{sfn|Merrill|1894}}
* 1882
** L'Institute Canadien Francais founded.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
** Stanley Manufacturing Co. incorporated.{{sfn|Sampson|1883}}
* 1884 – Emmons Loom Harness Company organized.{{sfn|Merrill|1894}}
* 1887 – [[Lawrence Experiment Station]] established by the Massachusetts State Board of Health.
* 1888
** Duck Bridge built.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/ma1422/ |title=Duck Bridge, Spanning Merrimack River on Union Street, Lawrence, Essex County, MA |publisher=Historic American Engineering Record (Library of Congress) |access-date=September 25, 2012}}</ref>
** Board of Trade organized.{{sfn|Dorgan|1918}}
* 1896 – [[High Service Water Tower and Reservoir|High Service Water Tower]] built
* 1890
** [[Old Public Library|Public Library]] building constructed.
** ''[[The Eagle-Tribune|Evening Tribune]]'' newspaper begins publication.
** July – Cyclone.{{sfn|Dorgan|1918}}
* 1899 – 20,899 people employed in manufacturing in Lawrence.<ref name=wallace1961>{{cite journal |title=Merrimack Valley Manufacturing: Past and Present |author= William H. Wallace |journal= Economic Geography |volume= 37 |date=October 1961 }}</ref>
* 1905 – [[American Woolen Company]] builds Wood Mill.
* 1910 – [[The Everett Mills|Everett Mill]] constructed.
* 1911 – [[Lawrence bathhouse tragedy]]
* 1912 – Famous nationally known [[1912 Lawrence Textile Strike]] occurs with strife and casualties. Later known as the "Bread and Roses Strike".<ref name=brenner2009>{{cite book|editor1= Aaron Brenner |editor2= Benjamin Day |editor3=[[Immanuel Ness]] |title=Encyclopedia of Strikes in American History|year=2015 |orig-year=2009 |publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-45707-7 |chapter= Timeline |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xmVsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PR17 }}</ref>
* 1918 - Central Bridge constructed.{{sfn|Dorgan|1918}}
* 1919 - 30,319 people employed in manufacturing in Lawrence.<ref name=wallace1961 />
* 1920 – Population: 94,270.
* 1927 – [[Veterans Memorial Stadium (Lawrence)|Stadium]] opens.
* 1931 – [[Boston & Maine Railroad]] depot active off Parker Street.
* 1934
** [[Lawrence Municipal Airport (Massachusetts)|Lawrence Municipal Airport]] established.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lawrencemunicipalairport.com/ |title=Lawrence Municipal Airport |access-date=September 25, 2012}}</ref>
** Walter A. Griffin becomes mayor.
* 1935 – [[Central Catholic High School (Lawrence, Massachusetts)|Central Catholic High School]] opens.
* 1943 – [[Climatic Research Laboratory]] for [[United States Army]] in operation.
* 1966 – Daniel P. Kiley, Jr. becomes mayor.
* 1972 – [[John J. Buckley (mayor)|John J. Buckley]] becomes mayor.
* 1975 – [[Paul Tsongas]] becomes [[Massachusetts's 5th congressional district]] [[United States House of Representatives|representative]].
* 1978
** Immigrant City Archives at Lawrence History Center was established for local history and culture with exhibitions.<ref name=LHC>{{cite web |url=http://www.lawrencehistorycenter.org/timeline |title=Lawrence History Timeline |author=Lawrence History Center |access-date=September 25, 2012}}</ref>
** Lawrence P. LeFebre becomes mayor.
* 1985 – Greater Lawrence [[Habitat for Humanity]] organized.<ref>{{citation |title=Recycling old housing: Volunteers rehab vacant property |work=Boston Globe |date=March 8, 1992 }}</ref>
* 1986 – [[Kevin J. Sullivan (mayor)|Kevin J. Sullivan]] becomes mayor.
* 1991 – [[Northern Essex Community College]] active in Lawrence.
* 1995 – [[Malden Mills]] fire.
* 2001 – [[Michael J. Sullivan (mayor)|Michael J. Sullivan]] becomes mayor.
* 2004 – [[Notre Dame High School (Lawrence, Massachusetts)|Notre Dame Cristo Rey High School]] opens.
** First observance of [[American Civil War|Civil War Weekend]] at central Compeigne Common in October remembering local casualties then nationally famous and considered first "martyrs for the Union" of the noted Sixth Massachusetts volunteer state militia regiment in infamous [[Baltimore riot of 1861]] (also known as the "Pratt Street Riots") as the "First Bloodshed of the Civil War" on April 19, 1861. Various military reenactment units and heritage groups including from the Baltimore Civil War Museum at the historic [[President Street Station]] participate in memorial ceremonies at the Soldiers Monument in Common and gravesites at historic [[Bellevue Cemetery]], sponsored by the Lawrence Civil War Memorial Guard.
* 2005 – [[Lawrence (MBTA station)]] reopens for the [[Boston]] commuter train, subway and transit system.
* 2007 – [[Niki Tsongas]] becomes [[Massachusetts's 5th congressional district]] [[United States House of Representatives|representative]].
* 2010
** Population: 76,377.
** [[William Lantigua]] becomes mayor of Lawrence, first of Hispanic ancestry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bostonmagazine.com/articles/2012/02/city-of-the-damned-lawrence-massachusetts |title=Lawrence, MA: City of the Damned |author=Jay Atkinson |date=February 2012 |work=Boston Magazine }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Meet the Mayors |publisher=[[United States Conference of Mayors]] |location=Washington, DC |url=http://usmayors.org/meetmayors/mayorsatglance.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627104834/http://www.usmayors.org/meetmayors/mayorsatglance.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 27, 2008 |access-date=March 30, 2013 }}</ref>
* 2012
** School Superintendent convicted of fraud and embezzlement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eagletribune.com/local/x1437237125/UPDATE-Laboy-apologizes-gets-90-days-in-jail-for-fraud |date=March 23, 2012 |title=Eagle Tribune }}</ref>
** Centennial observed of infamous [[1912 Lawrence Textile Strike]], later known as "Bread and Roses" labor strife.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/30/us/a-massachusetts-city-tries-to-change-its-image.html |date=May 29, 2012 |title=New York Times |last1=Bidgood |first1=Jess }}</ref>
{{hidden end}}