Editing Languages of Europe (section)

=== Others ===
* [[Greek language|Greek]] ({{circa}} 13 million) is the official language of [[Greece]] and [[Cyprus]], and there are Greek-speaking enclaves in [[Albania]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Italy]], [[North Macedonia]], [[Romania]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Ukraine]], [[Lebanon]], [[Egypt]], [[Israel]], [[Jordan]], and [[Turkey]], and in [[Greek diaspora|Greek communities]] around the world. Dialects of modern Greek that originate from [[Attic Greek]] (through [[Koine Greek|Koine]] and then [[Medieval Greek]]) are [[Cappadocian Greek|Cappadocian]], [[Pontic Greek|Pontic]], [[Cretan Greek|Cretan]], [[Cypriot Greek|Cypriot]], [[Katharevousa]], and [[Yevanic]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}
** [[Greek-Bovesian|Italiot Greek]] is, debatably, a [[Doric Greek|Doric]] dialect of Greek. It is spoken in southern Italy only, in the [[Province of Reggio Calabria|southern Calabria]] region (as [[Greek-Bovesian|Grecanic]])<ref>F. Violi, ''Lessico Grecanico-Italiano-Grecanico'', Apodiafàzzi, [[Reggio Calabria]], 1997.</ref><ref>Paolo Martino, ''L'isola grecanica dell'Aspromonte. Aspetti sociolinguistici'', 1980. Risultati di un'inchiesta del 1977</ref><ref>Filippo Violi, ''Storia degli studi e della letteratura popolare grecanica'', C.S.E. Bova ([[Province of Reggio Calabria|RC]]), 1992</ref><ref>Filippo Condemi, ''Grammatica Grecanica'', Coop. Contezza, [[Reggio Calabria]], 1987;</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.treccani.it/magazine/lingua_italiana/speciali/minoranze/Romano.html|title=In Salento e Calabria le voci della minoranza linguistica greca|website=Treccani, l'Enciclopedia italiana}}</ref> and in the [[Salento]] region (as [[Griko]]). It was studied by the German linguist [[Gerhard Rohlfs]] during the 1930s and 1950s.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Gerhard Rohlfs |author2=Salvatore Sicuro |title=Grammatica storica dei dialetti italogreci |url=https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1130000797628384384 |journal=(No Title) |access-date=8 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420152930/https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1130000797628384384 |archive-date=20 April 2024 |language=it |url-status=live}}</ref>
** [[Tsakonian language|Tsakonian]] is a Doric dialect of the Greek language spoken in the lower [[Arcadia (regional unit)|Arcadia]] region of the [[Peloponnese]] around the village of [[Leonidio]]<ref name="Dansby 2020 f130">{{cite web | last=Dansby | first=Angela | title=The last speakers of ancient Sparta | website=BBC Home | date=December 16, 2020 | url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20201215-the-last-speakers-of-ancient-sparta | access-date=February 6, 2024}}</ref>
 
[[File:Baltic languages.png|thumb|200px|Historic distribution of the Baltic languages in the Baltic (simplified)]]

* The [[Baltic languages]] are spoken in [[Lithuania]] ([[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] ({{circa}} 3 million), [[Samogitian language|Samogitian]]) and [[Latvia]] ([[Latvian language|Latvian]] ({{circa}} 1.5 million), [[Latgalian language|Latgalian]]). Samogitian and Latgalian used to be considered dialects of Lithuanian and Latvian respectively.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}
** There are also several extinct Baltic languages, including: [[Curonian language|Curonian]],<ref name="Pronk_2017">{{cite book |last=Pronk |first=Tijmen |date=2017 |title=USQUE AD RADICES Indo-European studies in honour of Birgit Anette Olsen: Curonian accentuation |url=https://www.academia.edu/35480576 |location=Copenhagen, Denmark  |publisher=Museum Tusculanum Press |page=659 |isbn=9788763545761}}</ref><ref name="Vaba_2014">{{cite journal |last1=Vaba |first1=Lembit |date=July 2014 |title=Curonian linguistic elements in Livonian |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286371765 |journal=Eesti ja Soome-Ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=173–191 |doi=10.12697/jeful.2014.5.1.09 |access-date=2024-02-18|doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Galindian language|Galindian]],  [[Old Prussian language|Old Prussian]],<ref name="Nomachi_2019">{{cite journal |last1=Nomachi |first1=Motoki |date=2019 |title=Placing Kashubian in the Circum-Baltic (CB) area |url=https://www.journals.polon.uw.edu.pl/index.php/pf/article/view/470 |journal=Prace Filologiczne |volume=LXXIV |issue=2019 |pages=315–328 |doi=10.32798/pf.470 |access-date=2024-02-18|doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Selonian language|Selonian]], [[Semigallian language|Semigallian]],<ref name="Mažiulis 1999 w528">{{cite web | last=Mažiulis | first=Vytautas J. | title=Baltic Languages | website=Encyclopedia Britannica | date=July 26, 1999 | url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Baltic-languages | access-date=February 18, 2024}}</ref> and [[Sudovian language|Sudovian]].<ref name="Szatkowski_2022">{{cite journal |last1=Szatkowski |first1=Piotr |date=January 2022 |title=Language Practices in a Family of Prussian Language Revivalists: Conclusions Based on Short-Term Participant Observation |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358448619 |journal=Adeptus |issue=2626 |pages=173 |doi=10.11649/a.2626 |access-date=2024-02-18|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[Albanian language|Albanian]] ({{circa}} 7.5 million) has two major dialects, [[Tosk Albanian]] and [[Gheg Albanian]]. It is spoken in [[Albania]] and [[Kosovo]], neighboring [[North Macedonia]], [[Serbia]], [[Italy]], and [[Montenegro]]. It is also widely spoken in the [[Albanian diaspora]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Çerpja |first1=Adelina |last2=Çepani |first2=Anila |date=December 2023 |title=Albanian Dialect Classifications |url=https://www.edicions.ub.edu/revistes/dialectologiaSP2023/documentos/1938.pdf |journal=Dialectologia |volume=11 |issue=2023 |pages=51–87 |doi=10.1344/dialectologia2023.2023.3 |access-date=8 March 2025}}</ref>
* [[Armenian language|Armenian]] ({{circa}} 7 million) has two major forms, [[Western Armenian]] and [[Eastern Armenian]]. It is spoken in [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] ([[Samtskhe-Javakheti]]) and [[Abkhazia]], also [[Russia]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Turkey]], [[Greece]], and [[Cyprus]]. It is also widely spoken in the [[Armenian Diaspora]]. {{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}
* There are six living [[Celtic languages]], spoken in areas of northwestern Europe dubbed the "[[Celtic nations]]". All six are members of the [[Insular Celtic languages|Insular Celtic]] family, which in turn is divided into:
** [[Brittonic languages|Brittonic family]]: [[Welsh language|Welsh]] ([[Wales]], {{circa}} 462,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welsh {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/cym/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>), [[Cornish language|Cornish]] ([[Cornwall]], {{circa}} 500<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cornish {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/cor/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>) and [[Breton language|Breton]] ([[Brittany]], {{circa}} 206,000<ref>{{Cite web |title=Breton {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bre/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>)
** [[Goidelic languages|Goidelic family]]: [[Irish language|Irish]] ([[Ireland]], {{circa}} 1.7 million<ref>{{Cite web |title=Irish {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/gle/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>), [[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] ([[Scotland]], {{circa}} 57,400<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scottish Gaelic {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/gla/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>), and [[Manx language|Manx]] ([[Isle of Man]], 1,660<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manx {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/glv/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en}}</ref>)
: [[Continental Celtic languages]] had previously been spoken across Europe from Iberia and Gaul to Asia Minor, but became extinct in the first millennium CE.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic |url=https://www.asnc.cam.ac.uk/spokenword/texts_cc.php |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=www.asnc.cam.ac.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-22 |title=Celtic languages {{!}} History, Features, Origin, Map, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Celtic-languages |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
* The [[Indo-Aryan languages]] have one major representative: [[Romani language|Romani]] ({{circa}} 4.6 million speakers<ref name=":3">{{Citation |title=ROMANI IN EUROPE |vauthors=Zatreanu M, Halwachs DW |url=https://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/roma/source/romanieurope_en.pdf |publisher=The Council of Europe}}</ref>), introduced in Europe during the late medieval period. Lacking a nation state, Romani is spoken as a minority language throughout Europe.<ref name=":3" />
* The [[Iranian languages]] in Europe are natively represented in the North Caucasus, notably with [[Ossetic language|Ossetian]] ({{circa}} 600,000).{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}