Editing Klingon language (section)

===Consonants===
The inventory of consonants in Klingon is spread over a number of [[place of articulation|places of articulation]]. In spite of this, the inventory has many gaps: Klingon has no [[velar consonant|velar plosives]], and only one [[sibilant consonant|sibilant fricative]]; common consonants absent in Klingon include {{IPA|/k ɡ f h s z ʃ/}}. Deliberately, this arrangement is very different from that of most human languages. The combination of an aspirated [[voiceless alveolar plosive]] {{IPA|/tʰ/}} and a [[voiced retroflex plosive]] {{IPA|/ɖ/}} is particularly unusual.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 | 
! rowspan="2" | [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
! rowspan="2" | [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! {{small|[[Central consonant|central]]}}
! {{small|[[Lateral consonant|lateral]]}}
|-
! rowspan=2| [[stop consonant|Plosive]]
! {{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| {{mono |p}} {{IPAslink|p|pʰ}}
| {{mono |t}} {{IPAslink|t|tʰ}}
| 
| {{mono |q}} {{IPAslink|q|qʰ}}
| <span style="text-decoration: none">{{mono |ʼ}} {{IPAslink|ʔ}}</span>
|-
! {{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
| {{mono |b}} {{IPAslink|b}}
| {{mono |D}} {{IPAslink|ɖ|ɖ&thinsp;}}
| 
| 
| 
|-
! rowspan=2| [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
! {{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| || {{mono|ch}} {{IPAslink|t͡ʃ}}||{{mono |tlh}} {{IPAslink|t͡ɬ}} || {{mono |Q}} {{IPAslink|q͡χ}} ||
|-
! {{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
| 
| {{mono|j}} {{IPAslink|d͡ʒ}}
| 
| 
| 
|-
! rowspan=2| [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! {{small|[[voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
| 
| {{mono |S}} {{IPAslink|ʂ}}
| 
| {{mono |H}} {{IPAslink|x}}
| 
|-
! {{small|[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
| {{mono |v}} {{IPAslink|v}}
| 
| 
| {{mono|gh}} {{IPAslink|ɣ}}
| 
|-
! colspan=2| [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{mono |m}} {{IPAslink|m}}
| {{mono |n}} {{IPAslink|n}}
| 
| {{mono |ng}} {{IPAslink|ŋ}}
| 
|-
! colspan=2| [[Trill consonant|Trill]]
| 
| rowspan="2" |{{mono |r}} {{IPAslink|r}}
| 
|
| 
|-
! colspan=2| [[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| {{mono |w}} {{IPAslink|w}}
| {{mono |l}} {{IPAslink|l}}
| {{mono|y}} {{IPAslink|j}}
| 
|}

There are a few dialectal pronunciation differences<ref name="GalacticTraveller">{{cite book |last=Okrand |first=Marc |title=Klingon for the Galactic Traveller |year=1997 |publisher=Pocket Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0671009953 |pages=18–24}}</ref> (it is not known if the aforementioned non-canon ''Kumburan'' or ''Rumaiy'' dialects of ''{{mono |tlhIngan Hol}}'' hinted at in the novelization of ''[[Star Trek III: The Search for Spock]]'' might differ):

* In the Krotmag dialect {{IPA|/b/}} and {{IPA|/ɖ/}} are realized as nasal stops {{IPAblink|m}} and {{IPAblink|ɳ}}
* In the Tak'ev dialect {{IPA|/b/}} and {{IPA|/ɖ/}} are pre-nasalized oral stops {{IPA|[mb]}} and {{IPA|[ɳɖ]}}
In the Morskan dialect:
*{{IPAslink|t͡ɬ}} is a central affricate {{IPAblink|t͡s}}
*{{IPA|/x/}} is realized as glottal {{IPAblink|h}} syllable-initially and deleted syllable-finally
*{{IPAslink|q͡χ}} is realized as a velar fricative {{IPAblink|x}}