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===Climate=== {{climate chart | Srinagar | −2 | 7 | 48 | −0.7 | 8.2 | 68 | 3.4 | 14.1 | 121 | 7.9 | 20.5 | 85 | 10.8 | 24.5 | 68 | 14.9 | 29.6 | 39 | 18.1 | 30.1 | 62 | 17.5 | 29.6 | 76 | 12.1 | 27.4 | 28 | 5.8 | 22.4 | 33 | 0.9 | 15.1 | 28 | −1.5 | 8.2 | 54 | float = right | source = HKO<ref name = HKO>{{cite web | url = http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/india/srinagar_e.htm | title = Climatological Information for Srinagar, India | publisher = [[Hong Kong Observatory]] | access-date = 2012-06-09 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120406095303/http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/india/srinagar_e.htm | archive-date = 6 April 2012 | url-status = live }}</ref> }} Kashmir has a different climate for every region owing to the great variation in altitude. The temperatures ranges from the tropical heat of the Punjab summer to the intensity of the cold which keeps the perpetual snow on the mountains. Jammu Division, excluding the upper parts of the Chenab Valley, features a humid subtropical climate. The Vale of Kashmir has a moderate climate. The [[Astore Valley]] and some parts of [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] features a semi-Tibetan climate. While as the other parts of Gilgit-Baltistan and Ladakh have Tibetan climate which is considered as almost rainless climate.<ref name=drew/><ref>{{Cite book|last=[[Aurel Stein|Stein M. A.]]|url=http://archive.org/details/anceintgeographyofkashmirsteinm.a._667_j|title=Ancient Geography Of Kashmir|date=1899|publisher=Kamala Dara|pages=257–269}}</ref> The southwestern Kashmir which includes much of the Jammu province and Muzaffarabad falls within the reach of Indian monsoon. The Pir Panjal Range acts as an effective barrier and blocks these monsoon tracts from reaching the main Kashmir Valley and the Himalayan slopes. These areas of the region receive much of their precipitation from the wind currents of the Arabian Sea. The Himalayan slope and the Pir Panjal witness greatest snow melting from March until June. These variations in snow melt and rainfall have led to destructive inundations of the main valley. One instance of such Kashmir flood of a larger proportion is recorded in the 12th-century book ''[[Rajatarangini]]''. A single cloudburst in July 1935 caused the upper Jehlum river level to rise 11 feet.<ref>{{Cite book|author2=[[T. T. Paterson]]|author=[[Helmut de Terra]]|url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.3233|title=Studies on the ice age in India and associated human cultures|publisher=Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1939}}</ref> The [[2014 India–Pakistan floods|2014 Kashmir floods]] inundated the Kashmir city of Srinagar and submerged hundreds of other villages.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2014-09-07|title=India Pakistan floods: Kashmir city of Srinagar inundated|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-29100226|access-date=2020-11-01|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111183926/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-29100226|url-status=live}}</ref>
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