Editing Karnataka (section)

=== Language ===

[[File:Language Map of Karnataka (2011 Census).svg|left|200px|thumb|Languages spoken by district '''Kannada'''
{{legend|#fbf5d0|30–40%}}
{{legend|#f5e8a3|40–50%}}
{{legend|#f0db75|50–60%}}
{{legend|#e9cb35|60–70%}}
{{legend|#d3b418|70-80%}}
{{legend|#b89d14|80-90%}}
{{legend|#9c8411|90–100%}}

'''Tulu'''
{{legend|#e5b8b3ff|40–50%}}
]]

{{Main|Kannada|Kannada literature|Tulu language|Konkani language|Urdu|Kodava language|Beary language }}

[[File:Halmidi oldKannada inscription mounted.JPG|thumb|upright|left|alt=Monument with black plaque of inscribed writing |[[Halmidi inscription]] (450 CE) is the earliest attested inscription in the [[Kannada language]].]]
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Karnataka ([[2011 Census of India|2011 census]])<ref name="census2011-langreport">{{cite web |title=Language – India, States and Union Territories |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf |work=Census of India 2011 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General |pages=12–14, 49 |access-date=8 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114073412/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Kannada]] |value1 = 66.46 |color1= darkslateblue
|label2 = [[Deccani language|Urdu]] |value2 = 10.83 |color2 = green
|label3 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value3 = 5.84 |color3 = steelblue
|label4 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] |value4 = 3.45 |color4 = royalblue
|label5 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value5 = 3.29 |color5 = red
|label6 = [[Tulu language|Tulu]] |value6 = 2.61 |color6 = lightskyblue
|label7 = [[Lambadi]] |value7 = 1.59 |color7 = darkgoldenrod
|label8 = [[Hindi]] |value8 = 1.43 |color8 = orange
|label9 = [[Konkani language|Konkani]] |value9 = 1.29 |color9 = firebrick
|label10 = [[Malayalam]] |value10 = 1.22 |color10 = cornflowerblue
|label11 = Others |value11 =1.99 |color11 = grey
}}
[[Kannada]] is the official language of the state of Karnataka, as the native language of 66.46% of its population as of 2011 and is one of the [[classical languages of India]]. [[Urdu]] is the second largest language, spoken by 10.83% of the population, and is the language of Muslims outside the coastal region. [[Telugu language|Telugu]] (5.84%) is a major language in areas bordering Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka as well as Bengaluru, while [[Tamil language|Tamil]] (3.45%) is a major language of Bengaluru and in the Kolar district. [[Marathi language|Marathi]] (3.29%) is concentrated in areas of Uttara Kannada, Belgaum and Bidar districts bordering Maharashtra. [[Lambadi]] is spoken by the [[Banjara|Lambadis]] scattered throughout North Karnataka, while [[Hindi]] is spoken in Bengaluru. [[Tulu language|Tulu]] (2.61%), [[Konkani language|Konkani]] (1.29%), and [[Malayalam]] (1.27%) are all found in linguistically diverse Coastal Karnataka, where a number of mixed and distinct dialects such as [[Arebhashe dialect|Are Bhashe]], [[Beary language|Beary Bhashe]], and [[Nawayathi dialect|Nawayathi]] are found. [[Kodava language|Kodava Takk]] is the language of Kodagu.<ref name="census2011-langreport" /><ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://dpal.kar.nic.in/30%20of%201981%20(E).pdf |title=The Karnataka Local Authorities (Official Language) Act, 1981 |work=Official website of Government of Karnataka |publisher=Government of Karnataka |access-date=26 July 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810094855/http://dpal.kar.nic.in/30%20of%201981%20(E).pdf |archive-date=10 August 2007}}</ref><ref name="antiquity">{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=44340 |title=Declaration of Telugu and Kannada as classical languages |work=Press Information Bureau |publisher=Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Government of India |access-date=31 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216124306/http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=44340 |archive-date=16 December 2008}}</ref>

[[Kannada]] played a crucial role in the creation of Karnataka: linguistic demographics played a major role in defining the new state in 1956. [[Tulu language|Tulu]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]] and [[Kodava language|Kodava]] are other minor native languages that share a long history in the state. [[Urdu]] is spoken widely by the [[Muslim]] population. Less widely spoken languages include [[Beary bashe]] and certain languages such as [[Sankethi language|Sankethi]]. Some of the regional languages in Karnataka are [[Tulu Language|Tulu]], [[Kodava language|Kodava]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]] and [[Beary dialect|Beary]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Karnataka Tulu Sahithya Academy |url=http://www.tuluacademy.org/en/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125032615/http://www.tuluacademy.org/en/ |archive-date=25 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Karnataka Beary Sahithya Academy |url=http://www.karnatakabearysahithyaacademy.org/about_academy.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161212001322/http://www.karnatakabearysahithyaacademy.org/about_academy.html |archive-date=12 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Karnataka Konkani Sahithya Academy |url=http://www.konkaniacademy.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222153408/http://www.konkaniacademy.org/ |archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref><!--Not official but regional languages of Karnataka. i.e. Native to Karnataka. Note:Telugu, Tamil, Marati etc aren't native to Karanataka-->

Kannada features a rich and ancient body of [[Kannada literature|literature]] including religious and secular genre, covering topics as diverse as [[Jainism]] (such as ''[[Purana]]s''), [[Lingayatism]] (such as [[Vachana]]s), [[Vaishnavism]] (such as [[Haridasa|''Haridasa Sahitya'']]) and [[Modern Kannada literature|modern literature]]. Evidence from edicts during the time of [[Ashoka]] (reigned 274–232 BCE) suggest that Buddhist literature influenced the [[Kannada alphabet|Kannada script]] and its literature. The [[Halmidi inscription]], the earliest attested full-length inscription in the Kannada language and script, dates from 450 CE, while the earliest available literary work, the ''[[Kavirajamarga]]'', has been dated to 850 CE. References made in the ''Kavirajamarga'', however, prove that Kannada literature flourished in the native composition metres such as ''Chattana'', ''Beddande'' and ''Melvadu'' during earlier centuries. The classic refers to several earlier greats (''purvacharyar'') of Kannada poetry and prose.<ref name="kavi5">Narasimhacharya (1988), pp. 12, 17.</ref> [[Kuvempu]], the renowned Kannada poet and writer who wrote [[Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate]], the state anthem of Karnataka<ref name="anthem">{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/01/11/stories/2004011103410400.htm |title=Poem declared 'State song' |work=The Hindu |access-date=15 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012200650/http://hinduonnet.com/2004/01/11/stories/2004011103410400.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007}}</ref> was the first recipient of the [[Karnataka Ratna]], the highest civilian award bestowed by the [[Government of Karnataka]]. Contemporary [[Kannada literature]] has received considerable acknowledgement in the arena of Indian literature, with eight Kannada writers winning India's highest literary honour, the [[Jnanpith award]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jnanapeeta Award Recipients |url=https://www.karnataka.gov.in/page/Awards/State+Honours/Jnanapeeta+Awards/en |access-date=6 March 2022 |website=www.karnataka.gov.in |archive-date=6 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306153612/https://www.karnataka.gov.in/page/Awards/State+Honours/Jnanapeeta+Awards/en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 October 2018 |title=The anatomy of Indian literary prizes: Who writes the award-winning books in India? |url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/the-anatomy-of-indian-literary-prizes-who-writes-the-award-winning-books-in-india-5306241.html |access-date=6 March 2022 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=6 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306153559/https://www.firstpost.com/living/the-anatomy-of-indian-literary-prizes-who-writes-the-award-winning-books-in-india-5306241.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Tulu language|Tulu]] is the majority language in the [[Kanara|coastal district]] of [[Dakshina Kannada]] and is the second most spoken in the [[Udupi district]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2900.XLSX |access-date=20 October 2020 |website=censusindia.gov.in |archive-date=22 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122232045/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2900.XLSX |url-status=live }}</ref> This region is also known as [[Tulu Nadu]].<ref>
{{Cite book |author=Anthropological Survey of India (Department of Anthropology) |title=Bulletin of the Anthropological Survey of India, Volume 25 |date=1980 |publisher=Director, Anthropological Survey of India, Indian Museum |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=C3hDAAAAYAAJ&q=Tuluva 41]}}</ref> ''Tulu Mahabharato'', written by Arunabja in the [[Tigalari alphabet|Tigalari]] script, is the oldest surviving Tulu text.<ref name="tuluold">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/11/13/stories/2004111302140500.htm |author=Raviprasad Kamila |title=Tulu Academy yet to realise its goal |access-date=5 May 2007 |location=Chennai, India |date=13 November 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153132/http://hindu.com/2004/11/13/stories/2004111302140500.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=12 October 2007}}</ref> Tigalari script was used by Brahmins to write [[Sanskrit]] language. The use of the [[Kannada script]] for writing Tulu and non-availability of print in Tigalari script contributed to the marginalisation of Tigalari script.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} In Karnataka [[Konkani language|Konkani]] is mostly spoken in the [[Uttara Kannada]] and [[Dakshina Kannada]] districts and in parts of [[Udupi district|Udupi]], Konkani use the Devanagari Script (which is official)/[[Kannada script]] (Optional) for writing as identified by government of Karnataka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=35720 |title=News headlines |website=www.daijiworld.com |date=14 July 2007 |access-date=28 December 2020 |archive-date=11 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311074935/http://daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=35720&n_tit=mangalore:+konkani+textbooks+in+devanagari+released |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Konkani-script-row-may-now-reach-Supreme-Court/articleshow/50888646.cms |title=Konkani script row may now reach Supreme Court |date=2 February 2016 |work=The Times of India |access-date=14 March 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160208031341/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Konkani-script-row-may-now-reach-Supreme-Court/articleshow/50888646.cms |archive-date=8 February 2016}}</ref>

The [[Kodava people|Kodavas]] who mainly reside in the [[Kodagu district]], speak Kodava Takk. Kodagu was a [[Coorg State|separate State]] with its own [[C. M. Poonacha|Chief Minister]] and Council of Ministers till 1956.  Two regional variations of the language exist, the northern ''Mendale Takka'' and the southern ''Kiggaati Takka''.<ref name="takk">{{cite web |url=http://www.languageinindia.com/oct2001/kodavarajyashree.html |author=K.S. Rajyashree |title=Kodava Speech Community: An Ethnolinguistic Study |work=Online webpage of languageindia.com |publisher=M. S. Thirumalai |access-date=6 May 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070625093611/http://www.languageinindia.com/oct2001/kodavarajyashree.html |archive-date=25 June 2007}}</ref> [[Kodava language|Kodava Takk]] has its own script, ''Karnataka Kodava Sahitya Academy'' has accepted [[I. M. Muthanna]]'s script which was developed in 1970 as the official script of Kodava Thakk. English is the medium of education in many schools and widely used for business communication in most private companies.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} All of the state's languages are patronised and promoted by governmental and quasi-governmental bodies. The ''[[Kannada Sahitya Parishat]]'' and the ''Kannada Sahitya Akademi'' are responsible for the promotion of Kannada while the ''Karnataka Konkani Sahitya Akademi'',<ref name="konkani">{{cite web |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/sep162005/district1814202005915.asp |title=Konkan Prabha released |work=Online webpage of The Deccan Herald, dated 2005-09-16 |publisher=2005, The Printers (Mysore) Private Ltd. |access-date=6 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302094115/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/sep162005/district1814202005915.asp |archive-date=2 March 2016}}</ref> the ''Tulu Sahitya Akademi'' and the ''Kodava Sahitya Akademi'' promote their respective languages.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}