Editing Kansai dialect (section)

==== Negative ====
In informal speech, the negative verb ending, which is -ない {{IPA|/-nai/}} in standard Japanese, is expressed with -ん {{IPA|/-N/}} or -へん {{IPA|/-heN/}}, as in 行かん {{IPA|/ikaN/}} and 行かへん {{IPA|/ikaheN/}} "not going", which is 行かない {{IPA|/ikanai/}} in standard Japanese. -ん {{IPA|/-N/}} is a transformation of the classical Japanese negative form -ぬ {{IPA|/-nu/}} and is also used for some idioms in standard Japanese. -へん {{IPA|/-heN/}} is the result of contraction and phonological change of はせん {{IPA|/-wa seN/}}, the emphatic form of {{IPA|/-N/}}. -やへん {{IPA|/-jaheN/}}, a transitional form between はせん {{IPA|/-wa seN/}} and へん {{IPA|/-heN/}}, is sometimes still used for 一段 ichidan verbs. The godan verbs conjugation before ''-hen'' has two varieties: the more common conjugation is {{IPA|/-aheN/}} like 行かへん {{IPA|/ik'''a'''heN/}}, but ''-ehen'' like 行けへん {{IPA|/ik'''e'''heN/}} is also used in Osaka. When the vowel before -へん {{IPA|/-heN/}} is {{IPA|/-i/}}, -へん {{IPA|/-heN/}} often changes to -ひん {{IPA|/-h'''i'''N/}}, especially in Kyoto. The past negative form is -んかった {{IPA|/-NkaQta/}} and {{IPA|/-heNkaQta/}}, a mixture of -ん {{IPA|/-N/}} or -へん {{IPA|/-heN/}} and the standard past negative form -なかった {{IPA|/-nakaQta/}}. In traditional Kansai dialect, -なんだ {{IPA|/-naNda/}} and -へなんだ {{IPA|/-henaNda/}} is used in the past negative form.

* 五段 godan verbs: 使う {{IPA|/tukau/}} ("to use") becomes 使わん {{IPA|/tukawaN/}} and 使わへん {{IPA|/tukawaheN/}}, 使えへん {{IPA|/tukaeheN/}}
* 上一段 kami-ichidan verbs: 起きる {{IPA|/okiru/}} ("to wake up") becomes 起きん {{IPA|/okiN/}} and 起きやへん {{IPA|/okijaheN/}}, 起きへん {{IPA|/okiheN/}}, 起きひん {{IPA|/okihiN/}}
** one mora verbs: 見る {{IPA|/miru/}} ("to see") becomes 見ん {{IPA|/miN/}} and 見やへん {{IPA|/mijaheN/}}, 見えへん {{IPA|/meːheN/}}, 見いひん {{IPA|/miːhiN/}}
* 下一段 shimo-ichidan verbs: 食べる {{IPA|/taberu/}} ("to eat") becomes 食べん {{IPA|/tabeN/}} and 食べやへん {{IPA|/tabejaheN/}}, 食べへん {{IPA|/tabeheN/}}
** one mora verbs: 寝る {{IPA|/neru/}} ("to sleep") becomes 寝ん {{IPA|/neN/}} and 寝やへん {{IPA|/nejaheN/}}, 寝えへん {{IPA|/neːheN/}}
* s-irregular verb: する {{IPA|/suru/}} becomes せん {{IPA|/seN/}} and しやへん {{IPA|/sijaheN/}}, せえへん {{IPA|/seːheN/}}, しいひん {{IPA|/siːhiN/}}
* k-irregular verb: 来る {{IPA|/kuru/}} becomes 来ん {{IPA|/koN/}} and きやへん {{IPA|/kijaheN/}}, けえへん {{IPA|/keːheN/}}, きいひん {{IPA|/kiːhiN/}}
** 来おへん {{IPA|/koːheN/}}, a mixture けえへん {{IPA|/keːheN/}} with standard 来ない {{IPA|/konai/}}, is also used lately by young people, especially in Kobe.

Generally speaking, -へん {{IPA|/-heN/}} is used in almost negative sentences and -ん {{IPA|/-N/}} is used in strong negative sentences and idiomatic expressions. For example, -んといて {{IPA|/-N toite/}} or -んとって {{IPA|/-N toQte/}} instead of standard -ないで {{IPA|/-nai de/}} means "please do not to do"; -んでもええ {{IPA|/-N demo eː/}} instead of standard -なくてもいい {{IPA|/-nakutemo iː/}} means "need not do";-んと（あかん） {{IPA|/-N to (akaN)/}} instead of standard -なくちゃ（いけない） {{IPA|/-nakutja (ikenai)/}} or -なければならない {{IPA|/-nakereba (naranai)/}} means "must do". The last expression can be replaced by -な（あかん）{{IPA|/-na (akaN)/}} or -んならん {{IPA|/-N naraN/}}.