Editing Jules Dumont d'Urville (section)

==== Turning south ====
[[File:Reconnaissance_de_la_Terre_Adelie,_le_20_Janvier_1840.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|''Reconnaisance de la Terre Adelie, 20 Janvier 1840'' ("Reconnaisance of [[Adelie Land]], 20 January 1840")]]
The first days of the voyage mainly involved the crossing of twenty degrees and a westerly current; on board there were further misfortunes, including the loss of a man. Crossing the 50°S parallel, they experienced unexpected falls in the air and water temperatures. After completing the crossing of the [[Antarctic Convergence]], on 16 January 1840, at 60°S they sighted the first iceberg and two days later the ships found themselves in the middle of a mass of ice. On 20 January<ref group="note">Instead of 19 January 1840, since Dumont d'Urville forgot to add one day on his diary when he passed the 180° meridian from the east, {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM29/wp/ATCM29_wp019_f.doc ''Proposition de classement du rocher du débarquement dans le cadre des sites et monuments historiques'', Antarctic Treaty Consultative meeting 2006, note 4.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811130410/http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM29/wp/ATCM29_wp019_f.doc |date=11 August 2013 }}</ref> the expedition crossed the [[Antarctic Circle]], with celebrations similar to [[Line-crossing ceremony|crossing of the Equator ceremonies]], and they sighted land the same afternoon.<ref>[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97685c.image.f2.langFR {{in lang|fr}} ''Voyage au Pôle sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes "l'Astrolabe" et "la Zélée", exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont-d'Urville, capitaine de vaisseau'', Paris, Gide éditeur, 1842–1846, tome 8, p. 136-181, site of Gallica, BNF].</ref>

The two ships slowly sailed to the West, skirting walls of ice, and on 22 January,<ref group="note">Instead of 21 January 1840, since Dumont d'Urville forgot to add one day on his diary when he passed the 180° meridian from the east, [http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM29/wp/ATCM29_wp019_f.doc {{in lang|fr}} ''Proposition de classement du rocher du débarquement dans le cadre des sites et monuments historiques'', Antarctic Treaty Consultative meeting 2006, note 4] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811130410/http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM29/wp/ATCM29_wp019_f.doc |date=11 August 2013 }}</ref> just before 9 in the evening, some members of the crew disembarked<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM29/att/ATCM29_att032_f.jpg |title={{in lang{{!}}fr}} ''Prise de possession de la Terre Adélie'' (plate 171 of ''Voyage au Pôle sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes "l'Astrolabe" et "la Zélée"'', view from the west), site of Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, Documents, Historic Sites and Monuments |access-date=19 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113014741/http://ats.aq/documents/ATCM29/att/ATCM29_att032_f.jpg |archive-date=13 November 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> on the north-westernmost and highest [[Débarquement Rock|islet]]<ref>[http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM29/att/ATCM29_att030_f.jpg Photography of Débarquement Rock, site of Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, Documents, Historic Sites and Monuments]</ref><ref>[http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM29/att/ATCM29_att028_f.gif {{in lang|fr}} Views of Débarquement Rock from north and south west, site of Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, Documents, Historic Sites and Monuments], length 244 m, height 18.7 m</ref> of the rocky group of [[Dumoulin Islands]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM29/att/ATCM29_att026_f.gif |title={{in lang{{!}}fr}} The Dumoulin islands and Débarquement Rock in the ''Pilote de Terre Adélie'', site of Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, Documents, Historic Sites and Monuments |access-date=19 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113014736/http://ats.aq/documents/ATCM29/att/ATCM29_att026_f.gif |archive-date=13 November 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM29/att/ATCM29_att024_f.gif |title={{in lang{{!}}fr}} The Dumoulin islands by Dubouzet in 1840, site of Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, Documents, Historic Sites and Monuments |access-date=19 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113014736/http://ats.aq/documents/ATCM29/att/ATCM29_att024_f.gif |archive-date=13 November 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> at 500–600 m from the icy coast of the [[Astrolabe Glacier Tongue]] of the time, today about 4&nbsp;km north from the glacier extremity near [[Cape Géodésie]], and hoisted the [[Flag of France|French tricolour]].<ref>[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97685c.image.f2.langFR {{in lang|fr}} ''Voyage au Pôle sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes "l'Astrolabe" et "la Zélée", exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont-d'Urville, capitaine de vaisseau'', Paris, Gide éditeur, 1842–1846, tome 8, p. 149-152, site of Gallica, BNF].</ref><ref group="note">"''J'envoyai aussitôt un de nos matelots déployer un drapeau sur ces terres qu'aucune créature humaine n'avait ni vues ni foulées avant nous''". (I sent one of our sailors at once to deploy a flag on these lands which no human creature had seen nor trod before us) — from the Diary of Joseph Dubouzet, an officer on the ''Zélée'').</ref> Dumont named the archipelago [[Géologie Archipelago|Pointe Géologie]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shom.fr/fr_page/fr_prod_cartes/cc/cataligne/carte_7593.htm|title=Catalogue des cartes en ligne|access-date=18 January 2015}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM29/att/ATCM29_att023_f.jpg |title={{in lang{{!}}fr}} IGN Map of Pointe Géologie archipelago, site of Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, Documents, Historic Sites and Monuments |access-date=19 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113014735/http://ats.aq/documents/ATCM29/att/ATCM29_att023_f.jpg |archive-date=13 November 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the land beyond, [[Adélie Land|Terre Adélie]]<ref group="note">Alors, j'annonçais aux officiers rassemblés en présence de l'équipage que cette terre porterait désormais le nom de terre Adélie. Cette désignation est destinée à perpétuer le souvenir de ma profonde reconnaissance pour la compagne dévouée qui a su par trois fois consentir à une séparation longue et douloureuse, pour me permettre d'accomplir mes projets d'explorations lointaines. (Then, I announced to the officers gathered in the presence of the crew that this land would carry from now on the name of ''Terre Adélie''.  This name is intended to perpetuate the memory of my deep recognition for my devoted partner who agreed three times to long and painful separations, to enable me to carry out my plans for remote explorations.)</ref> The map of the coast drawn under sail by the hydrographer {{Interlanguage link multi|Clément Adrien Vincendon-Dumoulin|fr}} is remarkably accurate given the means of the time.<ref>[http://www.ats.aq/documents/ATCM29/att/ATCM29_att022_f.jpg {{in lang|fr}} ''Carte des explorations effectuées par les corvettes "l'Astrolabe" et "la Zélée" dans les régions circum-polaires levée par Vincendon-Dumoulin'', 1841 (plate of ''Voyage au Pôle sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes "l'Astrolabe" et "la Zélée"''), site of Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, Documents, Historic Sites and Monuments] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113014738/http://ats.aq/documents/ATCM29/att/ATCM29_att022_f.jpg |date=13 November 2014 }}, enlarge to find the position number 38 of the ships before landing on [[Débarquement Rock]] more than 7 nautical miles southward (about 14 km), near the tongue of the [[Astrolabe Glacier]] called ''Pointe Géologie'' on the map</ref>

In the following days the expedition followed the coast westward then led for the first time some experiments to determine the approximate position of the [[South magnetic pole]]. They sighted the American [[schooner]] ''Porpoise'' of the [[United States Exploring Expedition]] commanded by [[Charles Wilkes]] on 30 January 1840, but failed to communicate due to a misunderstanding.<ref name=Stanton>{{cite book|last1=Stanton|first1=William|title=The Great United States Exploring Expedition|date=1975|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=0520025571|pages=[https://archive.org/details/greatunitedstate00will/page/176 176-177]|url=https://archive.org/details/greatunitedstate00will/page/176}}</ref> On 1 February, Dumont decided to turn to the north heading for Hobart, which the two ships reached 17 days later.  They were present for the arrival of the two ships of [[James Clark Ross|James Ross]]'s expedition to Antarctica, [[HMS Terror (1813)|HMS ''Terror'']] and [[HMS Erebus (1826)|HMS ''Erebus'']].

On 25 February, the schooners sailed towards the [[Auckland Islands]], where they carried out magnetic measurements and they left a commemorative plate of their visit (as had the commander of ''Porpoise'' previously), in which they announced the discovery of the South Magnetic Pole.<ref group="note">The plate stated, among other things: “"Du 19 Janvier au 1 Février, 1840, découverte de la Terre Adélie et détermination du pole magnétique Austral!” (From 19 January to 1 February 1840, discovered Adélie Land and determined the position of the Southern Magnetic Pole!”</ref>   They returned via New Zealand, the [[Torres Strait]], [[Timor]], [[Réunion]], [[Saint Helena]] and finally Toulon, returning on 6 November 1840, the last French expedition of exploration to sail.