Editing Johannes Gutenberg (section)

== Legacy ==
===Influence===
{{quote box
|width     = 230px
|align     = left
|bgcolor   = #c6dbf7
|title     =
|quote="What the world is today, good and bad, it owes to Gutenberg. Everything can be traced to this source, but we are bound to bring him homage, … for the bad that his colossal invention has brought about is overshadowed a thousand times by the good with which mankind has been favored."
|source    = American writer [[Mark Twain]] (1835–1910)<ref>{{cite news|title=The Work of Gutenberg|publisher=Hartford Daily Courant|date=June 27, 1900|page=7|author=Mark Twain|url=http://www.twainquotes.com/Gutenberg.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite letter|first=Mark|last=Twain|recipient=Adolf Goerz|date=7 April 1900|subject=Gutenberg|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iYnPAAAAMAAJ&dq=gutenberg%2Bmainz%2Bmark%2Btwain&pg=PA13}}</ref>
}}

Gutenberg's invention had an enormous impact on subsequent [[human history]], both on cultural and social matters.{{sfn|Venzke|2005|loc=§ para. 1}} His design directly impacted the mass spread of books across Europe, causing an [[information revolution]].{{sfn|Lehmann-Haupt|2020|loc=§ "Introduction & Top Questions"}} As a result, Venzke describes the inauguration of the [[Renaissance]], [[Reformation]] and [[Humanism|humanist]] movement as "unthinkable" without Gutenberg's influence.{{sfn|Venzke|2005|loc=§ para. 5}} Described as "one of the most recognized names in the world",{{sfn|Venzke|2005|loc=§ para. 1}} a team of US journalists voted Gutenberg as the "man of the millennium" in 1999.{{sfn|Füssel|2019|p=7}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rhsweb.org/library/1000PeopleMillennium.htm |title=1,000 Years, 1,000 People: Ranking The Men and Women Who Shaped The Millennium |access-date=16 March 2010 |archive-date=3 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303082307/http://rhsweb.org/library/1000PeopleMillennium.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mainz.de/gutenberg/g2000.htm |title=Johann Gutenberg, Man of the Millennium |location=Mainz |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310192514/http://www.mainz.de/gutenberg/g2000.htm |archive-date=10 March 2010 |access-date=14 April 2021}}</ref> Similarly, in 1999 the [[A&E Network]] ranked Gutenberg the No. 1 most influential person of the second millennium on their "Biographies of the Millennium" countdown,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/WPcap/1999-12/12/051r-121299-idx.html |first=Martie|last=Zad|newspaper=Washington Post|title=Top 100 People of 1,000 Years}}</ref> while ''[[Time–Life]]'' magazine picked Gutenberg's invention as the most important of the second millennium in 1997.<ref name="Man of the Millennium">{{cite web |url=http://rhsweb.org/library/1000PeopleMillennium.htm |title=Gutenberg, Man of the Millennium |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303082307/http://rhsweb.org/library/1000PeopleMillennium.htm |archive-date=3 March 2012 |work=1,000+ People of the Millennium and Beyond |year=2000}}</ref> The scholar of paper history, [[Thomas Francis Carter]], drew parallels between [[Cai Lun]], the traditional inventor of paper during the [[Eastern Han dynasty]], and Gutenberg, calling them "spiritual father and son" respectively.{{sfn|Carter|1925|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=PgEYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA180 180]}} In his 1978 book, ''[[The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History]]'', [[Michael H. Hart]] ranked him 8th, below Cai but above figures such as [[Christopher Columbus]], [[Albert Einstein]] and [[Charles Darwin]].{{sfn|Hart|2000|p=vii}}

The capital of printing in Europe shifted to [[Venice]], where printers like [[Aldus Manutius]] ensured widespread availability of the major [[Greek language|Greek]] and Latin texts. The claims of an Italian origin for movable type have focused on this rapid rise of Italy in movable-type printing. This may perhaps be explained by the prior eminence of Italy in the paper and printing trade. Italy's economy was growing rapidly at the time, facilitating the spread of literacy. Christopher Columbus had a geography book printed with movable type, bought by his father; it is now in the [[Institución Colombina#Biblioteca Colombina|Biblioteca Colombina]] in [[Seville]]. Finally, the city of Mainz was sacked in 1462, driving many printers into exile.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=sR9g5xPPJVQC&dq=sack%20of%20Mainz%20in%201462%20printers%2C%20%20fled&pg=PA14 Dutch Type by Jan Middendorp, 2004, p.14]</ref>

[[File:Printing3 Walk of Ideas Berlin.JPG|thumb|upright=0.7|[[Walk of Ideas|"Modern Book Printing"]] − a Berlin sculpture commemorating its inventor Gutenberg]]
Printing was also a factor in the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]]. [[Martin Luther]]'s ''[[Ninety-five Theses]]'' were printed and circulated widely; subsequently he issued [[broadsheet]]s outlining his anti-[[indulgences]] position (certificates of indulgences were one of the first items Gutenberg had printed). Due to this, Gutenberg would also be viewed as a proto-Protestant.<ref name="Taylor 2017 p. 322">{{cite book | last=Taylor | first=B. | title=Mendelssohn | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2017 | isbn=978-1-351-55851-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=miYxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT322 | language=da | access-date=2022-10-14 | page=322}}</ref> The broadsheet contributed to the development of the newspaper.

===Memorials and monuments===
There are many statues of Gutenberg in Germany, including one by [[Bertel Thorvaldsen]] (1837) at [[Gutenbergplatz (Mainz)|Gutenbergplatz in Mainz]], home to the eponymous [[Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz]] and [[Gutenberg Museum]] on the history of early printing. The latter publishes the ''[[Gutenberg-Jahrbuch]]'', the leading periodical in the history of printing, and the book.

In 1952, the [[United States Postal Service]] issued a five hundredth anniversary stamp commemorating Johannes Gutenberg invention of the movable-type printing press. In space, he is commemorated in the name of the [[asteroid]] [[777 Gutemberga]]. Two operas based on Gutenberg are ''G, Being the Confession and Last Testament of Johannes Gensfleisch, also known as Gutenberg, Master Printer, formerly of Strasbourg and Mainz'', from 2001, with music by [[Gavin Bryars]];<ref>{{cite web | author=Gavin Bryars | url=http://www.wqxr.org/#!/story/123627-gavin-bryars-introduces/ | title=Gavin Bryars Introduces | work=WQXR | date=18 April 2011 | access-date=16 January 2015 | archive-date=22 May 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522203941/https://www.wqxr.org/#!/story/123627-gavin-bryars-introduces/ | url-status=live }}</ref> and ''La Nuit de Gutenberg'', with music by [[Philippe Manoury]], premiered in 2011 in Strasbourg.<ref>{{cite press release | title=UC San Diego Composer Philippe Manoury Wins French Grammy | publisher=University of California San Diego News Center | date=20 March 2012 | url=http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/feature/uc_san_diego_composer_philippe_manoury_wins_french_grammy/ | access-date=16 January 2015}}</ref> [[Project Gutenberg]], the oldest [[digital library]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Thomas |first=Jeffrey |date=20 June 2007 |url=http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2007/July/200707201511311CJsamohT0.6146356.html |title=Project Gutenberg Digital Library Seeks To Spur Literacy |publisher=U.S. Department of State, Bureau of International Information Programs |access-date=20 August 2007 |archive-date=16 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216063928/http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2007/July/200707201511311CJsamohT0.6146356.html |url-status=live }}</ref> commemorates Gutenberg's name. The Mainz [[Johannisnacht, Mainz|Johannisnacht]] (St. John's Night), has commemorated Gutenberg in his native city since 1968.