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===Civil rights=== In 1956, Baez first heard [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] speak about nonviolence, civil rights and [[social change]] in a speech that brought tears to her eyes.<ref name="American Masters" /> Several years later, the two became friends,<ref name="American Masters" /> with Baez participating in many of the [[Civil Rights Movement]] demonstrations that King helped organize. When she was a senior in high school, Baez met anti-war activist [[Ira Sandperl]] and through their interests in various philosophies and political causes they developed a friendship. In 1965 they founded together the Institute for the Study of Non-violence in [[Carmel Valley Village, California|Carmel Valley, California]] with Sandperl running the general operations and funding coming from Baez.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.irasandperl.org/wordpress/?page_id=19|title=Friends of Ira Sandperl » Obituary|access-date=October 13, 2019|archive-date=October 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019104927/http://www.irasandperl.org/wordpress/?page_id=19|url-status=live}}</ref> The early years of Baez's career saw the [[Civil Rights Movement]] in the U.S. become a prominent issue. Her performance of "[[We Shall Overcome]]", the civil rights anthem written by [[Pete Seeger]] and [[Guy Carawan]], at the 1963 [[March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom]] permanently linked her to the song.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-lists/we-shall-overcome-the-theme-song-of-civil-rights-12766/|title='We Shall Overcome': The Theme Song of Civil Rights|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=January 13, 2012|accessdate=February 5, 2022|archive-date=February 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205102630/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-lists/we-shall-overcome-the-theme-song-of-civil-rights-12766/|url-status=live}}</ref> Baez again sang "We Shall Overcome" in [[Sproul Plaza]] during the mid-1960s [[Free Speech Movement]] demonstrations at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] in [[Berkeley, California]], and at many other rallies and protests.<ref>{{cite magazine|first=Andrew|last=Marantz|url=https://www.alaska.edu/freespeech/How-Social-Media-Trolls-Turned-U.C.-Berkeley-Into-a-Free-Speech-Circus-_-The-New-Yorker.pdf|title=How Social-Media Trolls Turned U.C. Berkeley Into a Free Speech Circus|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|date=July 2, 2018|accessdate=February 5, 2022|archive-date=February 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205102631/https://www.alaska.edu/freespeech/How-Social-Media-Trolls-Turned-U.C.-Berkeley-Into-a-Free-Speech-Circus-_-The-New-Yorker.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Her recording of the song "[[Birmingham Sunday]]" (1964), written by her brother-in-law, Richard Fariña, was used in the opening of ''[[4 Little Girls]]'' (1997), [[Spike Lee]]'s documentary film about the four young victims killed in the 1963 [[16th Street Baptist Church bombing]]. In 1965, Baez announced that she would be opening a school to teach nonviolent protest.<ref>{{cite book|last=Swanekamp|first=Joan|title=Diamonds & Rust: a Bibliography and Discography on Joan Baez|year=1980|publisher=The Pierian Press|isbn=978-0-87650-113-9|page=9}}</ref> She also participated in the 1965 [[Selma to Montgomery marches]] for voting rights.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/gallery/2014/dec/17/1965-selma-montgomery-march-stephen-somerstein | title=Freedom Journey 1965: Selma to Montgomery March in pictures | work=The Guardian | date=December 17, 2014| access-date=December 20, 2014| archive-date=December 10, 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210021100/https://www.theguardian.com/film/gallery/2014/dec/17/1965-selma-montgomery-march-stephen-somerstein| url-status=live }}</ref> In November 2017, as part of a release of documents from the National Archives that were supposed to relate to the [[JFK assassination|assassination]] of [[John F. Kennedy]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Harrell |first=Donovan |date=November 3, 2017 |title=JFK files: FBI documents allege Martin Luther King Jr. had secret lovechild |url=http://www.sacbee.com/news/nation-world/national/article182651026.html#storylink=cpy |work=Sacramento Bee |access-date=January 8, 2017 |archive-date=September 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903142213/https://www.sacbee.com/news/nation-world/national/article182651026.html#storylink=cpy |url-status=live }}</ref> a 1968 [[FBI]] report alleged that Baez was involved in the 1960s in an intimate affair with King, an accusation described by history professor Clayborne Carson, the director of the Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute at Stanford University, as "part of a [[smear campaign]]" against King.<ref>{{cite news |last=Porter |first=Tom |date=November 4, 2017 |title=JFK File: FBI Monitored Martin Luther King's 'Abnormal' Sex Life of Orgies, Hookers and Joan Baez |url=http://www.newsweek.com/declassified-jfk-file-details-fbi-sex-smears-about-martin-luther-king-701996 |work=[[Newsweek]] |access-date=January 8, 2018 |archive-date=August 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827085908/https://www.newsweek.com/declassified-jfk-file-details-fbi-sex-smears-about-martin-luther-king-701996 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{quote box | quote=I went to jail for 11 days for disturbing the peace; I was trying to disturb the war.|source= —Joan Baez, 1967 [[Pop Chronicles]] interview.<ref name=pc19>{{cite web |url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19769/m1/ |title=Show 19 – Blowin' in the Wind: Pop discovers folk music. [Part 2] : UNT Digital Library |publisher=Digital.library.unt.edu |access-date=November 12, 2011 |archive-date=November 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118165901/https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19769/m1/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}}
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