Editing Janissary (section)

==Janissary music==
{{Further|Ottoman military band}}
[[File:Surname 171b.jpg|thumb|Janissaries marching to [[Mehter]] martial tunes played by the [[Ottoman military band|Mehterân]] military band. Ottoman miniature painting, from the ''Surname-i Vehbi'' (1720) at the [[Topkapı Palace]] Museum in [[Istanbul]].]]

The military music of the Janissaries was noted for its powerful percussion and shrill winds combining ''kös'' (giant [[timpani]]), ''[[davul]]'' (bass drum), ''[[zurna]]'' (a loud [[shawm]]), ''naffir'', or ''boru'' (natural trumpet), ''çevgan'' [[bell (instrument)|bells]], [[triangle (musical instrument)|triangle]] (a borrowing from Europe), and [[cymbal]]s (''zil''), among others.<ref>{{Cite web|title="Turkey: An Overview." Garland Encyclopedia of World Music Volume 6 – The Middle East |last=Reinhard|first=Ursula|date=2001|website=Garland Encyclopedia of World Music|publisher=Routledge |url=http://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/1000229417|access-date=September 15, 2016}}</ref> Janissary music influenced European classical musicians such as [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] and [[Ludwig van Beethoven]], both of whom composed music in the [[Turkish music (style)|Turkish style]]. Examples include Mozart's [[Piano Sonata No. 11 (Mozart)|Piano Sonata No. 11]] (c. 1783), Beethoven's incidental music for ''[[The Ruins of Athens]]'' (1811), and the final movement of Beethoven's [[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 9]], although the Beethoven example is now considered a march rather than Alla turca.<ref>See "Janissary music," New Grove Online.{{full citation needed|date=October 2022}}</ref>

[[Mahmud II|Sultan Mahmud II]] abolished the ''mehter'' band in 1826 along with the Janissary corps. Mahmud replaced the mehter band in 1828 with a European style military band trained by [[Giuseppe Donizetti]]. In modern times, although the Janissary corps no longer exists as a professional fighting force, the tradition of [[Mehter]] music is carried on as a cultural and tourist attraction.

In 1952, the Janissary [[military band]], ''[[Ottoman military band|Mehterân]]'', was organized again under the auspices of the [[Istanbul Military Museum]]. They hold performances during some national holidays as well as in some parades during days of historical importance. For more details, see [[Turkish music (style)]] and [[Mehter]].