Editing Injunction (section)

=====Permanent injunctions=====
Permanent injunctions are issued after trial. Different federal and state courts sometimes have slightly different requirements for obtaining a permanent injunction. The Supreme Court enumerated the traditional four-factor test in ''[[eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C.]]'' as:<ref>{{cite web|title=eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C., 547 U.S. 388 (2006)|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=4819344338954570996|publisher=Google Scholar|access-date=6 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A.W. Chesterton Co., Inc. v. Chesterton, 128 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 1997)|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=6847254962391449413|publisher=Google Scholar|access-date=6 September 2017}}</ref>
# the plaintiff has suffered irreparable injury;
# [[Legal remedy|remedies available at law]] are inadequate to compensate that injury;
# considering the balance of hardships between the plaintiff and defendant, a [[Equitable remedy|remedy in equity]] is warranted; and
# the public interest would not be disserved by an injunction.

The balance of hardships inquiry is also sometimes called the "undue hardship defense".<ref name="Neglected Defense">{{cite journal |ssrn=2040896 |title=The Neglected Defense of Undue Hardship (and the Doctrinal Train Wreck in Boomer v. Atlantic Cement) |volume=4 |issue=3 |page=1 |journal=[[Journal of Tort Law]] |first=Douglas |last=Laycock|year=2012 |doi=10.1515/1932-9148.1123|s2cid=155015267 }}</ref> A stay pending appeal is a mechanism allowing a losing party to delay enforcement of an injunction while appeal is pending after final judgment has been granted by a lower court.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pedro|first=Portia|date=2018-06-01|title=Stays|url=https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/335|journal=California Law Review|volume=106|issue=3|pages=869}}</ref>'''{{rp|871}}'''