Editing Ignaz Semmelweis (section)

===Life in Budapest===
[[File:Semmelweis Ignác és felesége 1857 Canzi Ágost.jpg|thumb|300px|Wedding portraits of Semmelweis and Mária Weidenhofer by [[:de:August Canzi|Ágost Canzi]] (1857)]]
During 1848–1849, some {{nowrap|70,000}} troops from the [[Habsburg]]-ruled [[Austrian Empire]] thwarted the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848|Hungarian independence movement]], executed or imprisoned its leaders and in the process destroyed parts of [[Pest, Hungary|Pest]]. Semmelweis, upon arriving from the Habsburg Vienna in 1850, likely was not warmly welcomed in Pest.

On 20 May 1851, Semmelweis took the relatively insignificant, unpaid, honorary head-physician position of the obstetric ward of Pest's small [[Saint Roch|Szent Rókus]] Hospital. He held that position for six years, until June 1857.{{sfnm|1a1=Semmelweis|1y=1983|p=107|2a1=Carter|2a2=Carter|2y=2005|2p=68}} Childbed fever was rampant at the clinic; at a visit in 1850, just after returning to Pest, Semmelweis found one fresh corpse, another patient in severe agony, and four others seriously ill with the disease. After taking over in 1851, Semmelweis virtually eliminated the disease. During 1851–1855, only eight patients died from childbed fever out of 933 births (0.85%).{{sfn|Semmelweis|1983|pp=106–108}}

Despite the impressive results, Semmelweis's ideas were not accepted by the other obstetricians in Budapest.{{sfn|Carter|Carter|2005|p=69}} The professor of obstetrics at the [[University of Pest]], [[Ede Flórián Birly]], never adopted Semmelweis's methods. He continued to believe that puerperal fever was due to uncleanliness of the bowel.{{sfn|Semmelweis|1983|p=24}} Therefore, extensive purging was the preferred treatment.

After Birly died in 1854, Semmelweis applied for the position. So did Carl Braun—Semmelweis's nemesis and successor as [[Johann Klein]]'s assistant in Vienna—and Braun received more votes from his Hungarian colleagues than Semmelweis did. Semmelweis was eventually appointed in 1855, but only because the Viennese authorities overruled the wishes of the Hungarians, as Braun did not speak Hungarian. As professor of obstetrics, Semmelweis instituted chlorine washings at the University of Pest [[Maternity hospital|maternity clinic]]. Once again, the results were impressive.{{sfn|Carter|Carter|2005|p=69}}

Semmelweis declined an offer in 1857 to become professor of obstetrics at the [[University of Zurich]].{{sfn|Semmelweis|1983|p=56}} The same year, Semmelweis married Mária Weidenhofer (1837–1910), 19 years his junior and the daughter of a successful merchant in Pest. They had five children.