Editing Human spaceflight (section)

== Human representation and participation ==
{{See also|Space law|Human presence in space|Space colonization|Human outpost}}

Participation and representation of humanity in space has been an issue ever since the first phase of space exploration.<ref name="Durrani"/> Some rights of non-spacefaring countries have been secured through international [[space law]], declaring space the "[[Common heritage of mankind|province of all mankind]]", though the sharing of space by all humanity is sometimes criticized as [[imperialism|imperialist]] and lacking.<ref name="Durrani">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/apollo-space-lunar-rockets-colonialism/ |title=Is Spaceflight Colonialism? |author=Haris Durrani |access-date=2 October 2020 |magazine=The Nation|date=19 July 2019}}</ref> In addition to the lack of international inclusion, the inclusion of women and [[people of color]] has also been lacking. To make spaceflight more inclusive, organizations such as the ''Justspace Alliance''<ref name="Durrani"/> and [[IAU]]-featured ''Inclusive Astronomy''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.inclusiveastronomy.org/ |title=Website of the IAU100 ''Inclusive Astronomy'' project |access-date=18 November 2020 |archive-date=22 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222220447/https://www.inclusiveastronomy.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> have been formed in recent years.

===Women===
{{Main|Women in space}}

The first woman to ever enter space was [[Valentina Tereshkova]]. She flew in 1963, but it was not until the 1980s that another woman entered space. At the time, all astronauts were required to be military test pilots; women were not able to enter this career, which is one reason for the delay in allowing women to join space crews.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sinelschikova|first=Yekaterina|date=2020-12-03|title=Why NASA astronauts would not pass the Soviet and Russian selection process|url=https://www.rbth.com/science-and-tech/333087-nasa-soviet-space-selection|access-date=2021-05-23|website=www.rbth.com|language=en-US}}</ref> After the rules were changed, [[Svetlana Savitskaya]] became the second woman to enter space; she was also from the [[Soviet Union]]. [[Sally Ride]] became the next woman to enter space and the first woman to enter space through the United States program.Since then, eleven other countries have allowed women astronauts. The first all-female spacewalk occurred in 2018, by [[Christina Koch]] and [[Jessica Meir]]. These two women had both participated in separate spacewalks with NASA. The first mission to the Moon with a woman aboard is planned for 2024.

Despite these developments, women are still underrepresented among astronauts and especially cosmonauts. More than 600 people have flown in space but only 75 have been women.<ref>{{cite web |title=Celebrating Women's History Month |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/whm-recent-female-astronauts |website=NASA |date=21 March 2019 |access-date=14 May 2022 |archive-date=15 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515034914/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/whm-recent-female-astronauts/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Issues that block potential applicants from the programs, and limit the space missions they are able to go on, are, for example:
* agencies limit women to half as much time in space as men, due to suppositions that women are at greater potential risk for cancer.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.space.com/22252-women-astronauts-radiation-risk.html | title = Female Astronauts Face Discrimination from Space Radiation Concerns, Astronauts Say | first = Miriam | last = Kramer | date = 27 August 2013 | access-date = 7 January 2017 | work = Space.com | publisher = Purch}}</ref>
* a lack of space suits sized appropriately for female astronauts.<ref name="clothing">{{cite magazine |last=Sokolowski |first=Susan L.|title= Female astronauts: How performance products like space suits and bras are designed to pave the way for women's accomplishments|url=https://theconversation.com/female-astronauts-how-performance-products-like-space-suits-and-bras-are-designed-to-pave-the-way-for-womens-accomplishments-114346 |date=5 April 2019 | magazine =The Conversation |access-date=10 May 2020 }}</ref>