Editing Hui people (section)

=== Dungan ===
{{See also|Dungan people#Name}}
[[File:Karakol-Dungan-Mosque-Minaret-3.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|The minaret of the Dungan mosque in [[Karakol]], Kyrgyzstan]]
[[File:Dungan mosque in Karakol.jpg|thumb|Dungan mosque in [[Karakol]], Kyrgyzstan]]
Dungan ({{zh|s = 东干族|t = 東干族|p = Dōnggānzú}}; {{langx|ru|Дунгане}}) is a term used in [[Central Asia]] and in [[Xinjiang]] to refer to Chinese-speaking Muslim people. In the censuses of Russia and Central Asian nations, the Hui are distinguished from Chinese, termed Dungans. However, in both China and Central Asia members of this ethnic group call themselves Lao Huihui or Zhongyuanren, rather than Dungan. Zhongyuan 中原, literally means "The Central Plain," and is the historical name of [[Shaanxi]] and [[Henan]] provinces. Most Dungans living in Central Asia are descendants of Hui people from Gansu and Shaanxi.{{citation needed|date = September 2014}}

Hui people are referred to by Central Asian Turkic speakers and Tajiks by the [[ethnonym]] ''[[Dungan people|Dungan]]''. [[Joseph Fletcher (historian)|Joseph Fletcher]] cited Turkic and Persian manuscripts related to the preaching of the 17th century [[Kashgar]]ian [[Sufi]] master [[Muhammad Yusuf Khoja|Muhammad Yūsuf]] (or, possibly, his son [[Afaq Khoja]]) inside the [[Ming dynasty|Ming Empire]] (in today's [[Gansu]] and/or [[Qinghai]]), where the preacher allegedly converted ''ulamā-yi Tunganiyyāh'' (i.e., "Dungan [[ulema]]") into [[Sufism]].<ref>{{harvnb|Lipman|1997|p=59}}, based on: {{cite book |author-link=Joseph Fletcher (historian)|first=Joseph |last=Fletcher |chapter=The Naqshbandiya in Northwest China |title=Studies on Chinese and Islamic Inner Asia|editor-first=Beatrcie|editor-last=Manz|place=London |publisher=Variorum|year=1995}}</ref>

As early as the 1830s, ''Dungan'', in various spellings appeared in both English and German, referring to the Hui people of Xinjiang. For example, James Prinsep in 1835 mentioned Muslim "Túngánis" in ''Chinese Tartary''.<ref>{{cite book |first=James |last=Prinsep |title=Memoir on Chinese Tartary and Khoten |publisher=The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal | issue=48 |date=December 1835 |page=655 |url={{google books|nK4IAAAAQAAJ|plainurl=yes|page=655}} |isbn=1-4021-5631-6}}</ref> The word (mostly in the form "Dungani" or "Tungani", sometimes "Dungens" or "Dungans") acquired currency in English and other western languages when books in the 1860–70s discussed the [[Dungan Revolt (1862–77)|Dungan Revolt]].

Later authors continued to use variants of the term for Xinjiang Hui people. For example, [[Owen Lattimore]], writing ca. 1940, maintained the terminological distinction between these two related groups: the Donggan or "Tungkan" (the older [[Wade-Giles]] spelling for "Dungan"), described by him as the descendants of the Gansu Hui people resettled in Xinjiang in the 17–18th centuries, vs. e.g. the "Gansu Moslems" or generic "Chinese Moslems".<ref>{{cite journal|first=Owen |last=Lattimore |author-link=Owen Lattimore |title=Inner Asian Frontiers of China|journal=The Geographical Journal |date=1941 |volume=97 |issue=1 | page=183|doi=10.2307/1787115 |jstor=1787115 |bibcode=1941GeogJ..97...59R }}</ref>

The name "Dungan" sometimes referred to all Muslims coming from [[China proper]], such as Dongxiang and Salar in addition to Hui. Reportedly, the Hui disliked the term Dungan, calling themselves either Huihui or Huizi.{{sfn|Hastings|Selbie|Gray|1916|p = 892}}

In the Soviet Union and its successor countries, the term "Dungans" (дунгане) became the standard name for the descendants of Chinese-speaking Muslims who emigrated in the 1870s and 1880s to the [[Russian Empire]], mostly to today's [[Kyrgyzstan]] and south-eastern [[Kazakhstan]].{{sfn|Gladney|1996|pp = 33, 399}}