Editing Home rule (section)

== United States ==
{{Main|Home rule in the United States}}

=== District of Columbia ===
{{Main|District of Columbia home rule}}

The U.S. Constitution gives jurisdiction over the capital city (District of Columbia or Washington, D.C.) to the [[United States Congress]] in "all cases whatsoever". This jurisdiction necessitated that the District not be a state, nor part of a state. At certain times, and currently since 1973, Congress has provided for D.C. government to be carried out primarily by locally elected officials. However, congressional oversight of this local government still exists, and locally elected officials' powers could theoretically be revoked at any time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-07 |title=Republican Congressmembers reintroduce push to repeal DC self-governance |url=https://www.dcnewsnow.com/news/local-news/washington-dc/d-c-home-rule-revocation/ |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=DC News Now {{!}} Washington, DC |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Local government ===
{{main|Local government in the United States}}
In the United States, some states constitutionally or legislatively grant home rule to counties and municipalities within their borders. These are called "home rule states". Local governments in home rule states are free to pass laws and ordinances as they see fit to further their operations, within the bounds of the state and federal constitutions. In other states, local governments have only the authority expressly granted to them by state legislatures, typically in accordance with the legal principle known as [[John Forrest Dillon#Dillon's Rule|Dillon's Rule]]. A city charter, awarded by the state, defines the limits to a municipality's powers.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the City|last=Caves|first=R. W.|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|pages=347}}</ref>

=== Native American reservations ===
{{Main|Tribal sovereignty in the United States}}

The United States federal government provides limited self-rule to some federally recognised Native American tribes over their lands on reservations. Tribal lands are recognised as "dependent domestic nations" and operate a parallel system of governance and law independent of the state(s) that the reservation lies within, often including separate police forces. For instance, some tribes are permitted to operate gambling establishments which may be illegal in the surrounding state or states. Reservations are not states and have no direct representation in Congress, and the citizens vote as citizens of the state by which they are surrounded. Furthermore, unlike the sovereignty of state legislatures, tribal sovereignty and land ownership are not guaranteed by the Constitution and is granted only by an act of Congress, which can be repealed or altered at any time.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}