Editing Ho Chi Minh City (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Urban-Rural Population and Land Area Estimates, v2, 2010 Thanh Po Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam (13874141364).jpg|thumb|300px|Population density and elevation above sea level in the city (2010). Ho Chi Minh City is vulnerable to [[sea level rise]]]]

The city is located in the [[Southeast Vietnam|south-eastern region of Vietnam]], {{cvt|1760|km|mi}} south of [[Hanoi]]. The average elevation is {{cvt|5|m|ft}} above sea level for the city centre and {{cvt|16|m|ft}} for the suburb areas.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cổng thông tin điện tử Bộ Kế hoạch và Đầu tư |url=http://www.mpi.gov.vn/Pages/tinhthanhchitiet.aspx?idTinhThanh=35 |url-status=live |access-date=2021-05-16 |website=mpi.gov.vn |quote=Độ cao trung bình so với mặt nước biển: nội thành là 5 m, ngoại thành là 16 m. |archive-date=16 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516100612/http://www.mpi.gov.vn/Pages/tinhthanhchitiet.aspx?idTinhThanh=35}}</ref> It borders [[Tây Ninh Province]] and [[Bình Dương Province]] to the north, [[Đồng Nai Province]] and [[Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province]] to the east, [[Long An Province]] to the west, [[Tien Giang Province|Tiền Giang Province]] and [[South China Sea]] to the south with a coast {{cvt|15|km|0}} long. The city covers an area of {{convert|2,095|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 0.63% of the surface of Vietnam), extending up to [[Củ Chi District]] ({{cvt|12|mi|km|disp=or}} from the Cambodian border) and down to [[Cần Giờ District|Cần Giờ]] on the Eastern Sea. 

The distance from the northernmost point (Phú Mỹ Hưng Commune, [[Củ Chi District]]) to the southernmost one (Long Hòa Commune, Cần Giờ District) is {{cvt|102|km|mi}}, and from the easternmost point ([[Thủ Đức|Long Bình ward]], District Nine) to the westernmost one (Bình Chánh Commune, Bình Chánh District) is {{cvt|47|km|mi}}.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} Due to its location on the Mekong Delta, the city is fringed by tidal flats that have been heavily modified for agriculture.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Murray |first1=N.J. |last2=Clemens |first2=R.S. |last3=Phinn |first3=S.R. |last4=Possingham |first4=H.P. |last5=Fuller |first5=R.A. |title=Tracking the rapid loss of tidal wetlands in the Yellow Sea |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment |date=2014 |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=267–272 |doi=10.1890/130260 |bibcode=2014FrEE...12..267M |url=https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/60169/1/130260.pdf |access-date=21 August 2021 |archive-date=7 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207073933/https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/60169/1/130260.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Flooding===
Saigon is considered one of the most vulnerable cities to the effects of [[global warming|climate change]], particularly flooding. During the rainy season, a combination of high tide, heavy rains, high flow volume in the [[Saigon River]] and [[Dong Nai River|Đồng Nai River]] and land subsidence results in regular flooding in several parts of the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.royalhaskoningdhv.com/en-gb/vietnam/projects/flood-management-in-ho-chi-minh-city-vietnam/37 |title=Flood management in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam |website=royalhaskoningdhv.com |access-date=18 June 2020 |archive-date=20 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920042934/https://www.royalhaskoningdhv.com/en-gb/vietnam/projects/flood-management-in-ho-chi-minh-city-vietnam/37 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/saigon-braces-for-more-record-tides-this-year-3991458.html |title=Saigon braces for more record tides this year – VnExpress International |website=VnExpress International – Latest news, business, travel and analysis from Vietnam |access-date=18 June 2020 |archive-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604045830/https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/saigon-braces-for-more-record-tides-this-year-3991458.html |url-status=live}}</ref> A once-in-100 year flood would cause 23% of the city to suffer flooding.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability/our-insights/can-coastal-cities-turn-the-tide-on-rising-flood-risk |title=Can coastal cities turn the tide on climate change flooding risk? |website=mckinsey.com |access-date=18 June 2020 |archive-date=16 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616181841/https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability/our-insights/can-coastal-cities-turn-the-tide-on-rising-flood-risk |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Climate===

{{climate chart
| Ho Chi Minh City, [[Vietnam]]
|23.4|32.0|12
|23.1|32.7|8
|24.9|33.6|18
|26.4|34.5|57
|26.4|34.9|202
|25.5|33.5|224
|25.2|33.0|231
|25.1|32.9|219
|25.0|32.5|490
|25.0|32.3|340
|24.9|32.4|128
|24.3|31.6|41
|float=right
|clear=none
|source = Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology,<ref name=IBST>{{cite web| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180722172120/http://ibst.vn/DATA/nhyen/QCVN%2002-2009%20BXD%20So%20lieu%20tu%20nhien.pdf| archive-date = 22 July 2018 |url=http://ibst.vn/DATA/nhyen/QCVN%2002-2009%20BXD%20So%20lieu%20tu%20nhien.pdf |title=Vietnam Building Code Natural Physical & Climatic Data for Construction |publisher=Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology |language=vi| access-date = 23 July 2018}}</ref> [[World Meteorological Organization]] (rainfall)<ref name=WMO >{{cite web |url=http://worldweather.wmo.int/082/c003éc09.htm |title=World Weather Information Service – Ho Chi Minh City |publisher=World Meteorological Organization| access-date = 5 September 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130729110904/http://worldweather.wmo.int/082/c00309.htm| archive-date = 29 July 2013| url-status = dead}}</ref> 
|date= February 2011
}}
The city has a [[tropical climate]], specifically [[tropical savanna climate|tropical savanna]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Aw]]), with a high average humidity of 78–82%.<ref name=adb>{{cite web| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180723165910/https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/46391-001-ieeab-04.pdf| archive-date = 23 July 2018 |url=http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/46391-001-ieeab-04.pdf |title=Viet Nam: Ha Noi and Ho Chi Minh City Power Grid Development Sector Project |publisher=Asian Development Bank| access-date = 27 January 2015}}</ref> The year is divided into two distinct seasons.<ref name=adb /> The rainy season, with an average rainfall of about {{cvt|1800|mm|in|0}} annually (about 150 rainy days per year), usually lasts from May to November.<ref name=adb /> The dry season lasts from December to April.<ref name=adb /> 

The average temperature is {{cvt|28|°C|°F|0}}, with little variation throughout the year.<ref name="adb" /> The highest temperature recorded was {{cvt|40.0|°C|°F|0}} in April while the lowest temperature recorded was {{cvt|13.8|°C|°F|0}} in January.<ref name="adb" /> On average, the city experiences between 2,400 and 2,700 hours of sunshine per year.<ref name="adb" />

{{Weather box
|metric first=Y
|single line=Y
|location = Ho Chi Minh City ([[Tan Son Nhat International Airport]])
|temperature colour = 
|Jan record high C = 36.4
|Feb record high C = 38.7
|Mar record high C = 39.4
|Apr record high C = 40.0
|May record high C = 39.0
|Jun record high C = 37.5
|Jul record high C = 35.2
|Aug record high C = 36.1
|Sep record high C = 35.3
|Oct record high C = 34.9
|Nov record high C = 35.0
|Dec record high C = 36.3
|year record high C = 40.0
|Jan high C = 32.0
|Feb high C = 32.7
|Mar high C = 33.6
|Apr high C = 34.5
|May high C = 34.9
|Jun high C = 33.5
|Jul high C = 33.0
|Aug high C = 32.9
|Sep high C = 32.6
|Oct high C = 32.3
|Nov high C = 32.4
|Dec high C = 31.6
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 27.3
|Feb mean C = 27.5
|Mar mean C = 28.1
|Apr mean C = 29.3
|May mean C = 29.5
|Jun mean C = 28.8
|Jul mean C = 28.4
|Aug mean C = 28.3
|Sep mean C = 28.1
|Oct mean C = 28.0
|Nov mean C = 28.0
|Dec mean C = 27.3
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 23.4
|Feb low C = 23.1
|Mar low C = 24.9
|Apr low C = 26.4
|May low C = 26.4
|Jun low C = 25.5
|Jul low C = 25.2
|Aug low C = 25.1
|Sep low C = 25.0
|Oct low C = 25.0
|Nov low C = 24.9
|Dec low C = 23.9
|year low C = 
|Jan record low C = 13.8
|Feb record low C = 16.0
|Mar record low C = 17.5
|Apr record low C = 20.0
|May record low C = 21.1
|Jun record low C = 20.4
|Jul record low C = 19.4
|Aug record low C = 20.0
|Sep record low C = 20.8
|Oct record low C = 19.8
|Nov record low C = 17.6
|Dec record low C = 13.9
|year record low C = 13.8
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm =  12
|Feb rain mm =   8
|Mar rain mm =  18
|Apr rain mm =  57
|May rain mm = 202
|Jun rain mm = 224
|Jul rain mm = 231
|Aug rain mm = 219
|Sep rain mm = 490
|Oct rain mm = 340
|Nov rain mm = 128
|Dec rain mm =  41
|year rain mm =
|Jan humidity = 72
|Feb humidity = 70
|Mar humidity = 70
|Apr humidity = 72
|May humidity = 79
|Jun humidity = 82
|Jul humidity = 83
|Aug humidity = 83
|Sep humidity = 85
|Oct humidity = 84
|Nov humidity = 80
|Dec humidity = 77
|year humidity = 78
|Jan rain days = 2.0
|Feb rain days = 1.0
|Mar rain days = 1.0
|Apr rain days = 4.0
|May rain days = 13.0
|Jun rain days = 16.0
|Jul rain days = 19.0
|Aug rain days = 17.0
|Sep rain days = 18.0
|Oct rain days = 16.0
|Nov rain days = 9.0
|Dec rain days = 5.0
|Jan sun = 245
|Feb sun = 246
|Mar sun = 272
|Apr sun = 239
|May sun = 195
|Jun sun = 171
|Jul sun = 180
|Aug sun = 172
|Sep sun = 162
|Oct sun = 182
|Nov sun = 200
|Dec sun = 226
|year sun = 2490
|source 1 = Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology,<ref name=IBST>{{cite web| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180722172120/http://ibst.vn/DATA/nhyen/QCVN%2002-2009%20BXD%20So%20lieu%20tu%20nhien.pdf| archive-date = 22 July 2018 |url=http://ibst.vn/DATA/nhyen/QCVN%2002-2009%20BXD%20So%20lieu%20tu%20nhien.pdf |title=Vietnam Building Code Natural Physical & Climatic Data for Construction |publisher=Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology |language=vi| access-date = 23 July 2018}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[World Meteorological Organization]] (rainfall)<ref name=WMO >{{cite web |url=http://worldweather.wmo.int/082/c003éc09.htm |title=World Weather Information Service – Ho Chi Minh City |publisher=World Meteorological Organization| access-date = 5 September 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130729110904/http://worldweather.wmo.int/082/c00309.htm| archive-date = 29 July 2013| url-status = dead}}</ref> 
|date= February 2011}}