Editing History of Qatar (section)

===Umayyad period (661–750)===
{{Main|Umayyad Caliphate}}
[[File:Fortummalmaa.jpg|thumb|240px|left|A historic fort in Umm al-Ma'a.]]
Qatar was described as a famous horse and camel breeding centre during the [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] period.<ref name="rahmanh">{{Harvnb|Rahman|2006|pp=34}}</ref> It began benefiting from its commercially strategic position in the Persian Gulf during the 8th century,<ref>{{cite book|title=A political chronology of the Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eCSOT0_JAnwC|publisher=Routledge / Europa Publications|year=2001|page=192|isbn=978-1857431155}}</ref> going on to become a center of pearl trading.<ref name="kogan">{{cite book|last=Page|first=Kogan|title=Middle East Review 2003-04: The Economic and Business Report|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=78ACLNgHdf4C|publisher=Kogan Page Ltd|page=169|year=2004|isbn=978-0749440664}}</ref>

During the [[Second Fitna]], a renowned [[Khawarij|Khariji]] commander named [[Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a]], who was described as the most popular, admired and powerful Khariji leader,<ref name="lo">{{cite book|last=Lo|first=Mbaye|title=Understanding Muslim Discourse: Language, Tradition, and the Message of Bin Laden|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vzgDQCeHw5oC|publisher=University Press of America|year=2009|page=56|isbn=978-0761847489}}</ref> led the Azariqa, a sub-sect of the Khawarij, into numerous battles.<ref name="Gaiser 2010">{{cite journal|last=Gaiser|first=Adam R|title=What do we learn about the early Kharijites and Ibadiyya from their coins?|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/What+do+we+learn+about+the+early+Kharijites+and+Ibadiyya+from+their...-a0253322405|publisher=The Journal of the American Oriental Society|year=2010}}</ref> He held the title of [[Amir al-Mu'minin]] and ruled over the radical Azariqa movement for more than 10 years.<ref name="sanbol">{{cite book|last=Sanbol|first=Amira|title=Gulf Women|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3-ZQ4pRytN8C|publisher=Bloomsbury UK|year=2012|page=42|isbn=978-1780930435}}</ref> Born in [[Al Khuwayr]] in Qatar,<ref>{{cite book|title=al-Aqlām|publisher=Wizārat al-Thaqāfah wa-al-Irshād|volume=1|issue=2|quote=وذكر في وفيات الاعيان لابن خنكان ابو نعامة قطري بن الفجاءة واسمه جعونة ين مازن بن يزيد اين زياد ين حبتر بن مالك ين عمرو رين تهيم بن مر التميمي الثسيباني ولد في الجنوب الشرقي من قرية الخوير شمال قطر في}}</ref> he also minted the first known Kharjite coins, the earliest of which dated to 688 or 689.<ref name="Gaiser 2010"/>

The Umayyad Caliphate brought about much political and religious change in Western Asia starting from the late seventh century.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Baum|first1=Wilhelm|last2=Winkler|first2=Dietmar W.|title=The Church of the East: A Concise History|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=krSAAgAAQBAJ|year=2010|isbn=978-0415600217}}</ref> As a result, there were many revolts against the Umayyad at the end of the seventh century, particularly in Qatar and Bahrain.<ref name="sanbol"/> Ibn al-Fuja'a led an uprising against the Umayyad caliphs for more than twenty years.<ref name="lo"/>

In 750, discontent in the caliphate had reached a critical level due to the treatment of non-Arab citizens in the Empire. The [[Abbasid Revolution]] resulted in the overthrow of the Umayyad Caliphate, ushering in the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid]] period.<ref>Paul Rivlin, [https://archive.org/details/arabeconomiesint00rivl/page/86 <!-- quote=umayyad abbasid non muslim support. --> Arab Economies in the Twenty-First Century], p. 86. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. {{ISBN|9780521895002}}</ref>