Editing History of Chad (section)

==Habré era (1982&ndash;1990)==
{{main|Chadian-Libyan conflict}}

Libya's partial withdrawal to the [[Aozou Strip]] in northern Chad cleared the way for Habré's forces to enter N’Djamena in June. Covert, or not so covert [[CIA activities in Chad]] supported Habré seizing power, and counter Libyan influence and other socialist leaning elements throughout the 1980s. French troops and an [[OAU]] peacekeeping force of 3,500 Nigerian, Senegalese, and [[Zaire|Zairian]] troops, partially funded by the United States were present, appearing to play a neutral role during the conflict between Chad and Libya.
[[File:Tschad GUNT.jpg|thumb|The [[Aozou Strip]] (dark green), claimed and occupied by Libya between 1976 and 1987, and territories held by Libyan-backed GUNT-forces (light green)]]

Habré continued to face armed opposition on various fronts, and was brutal in his repression of suspected opponents, massacring and torturing many during his rule. In the summer of 1983, GUNT forces launched an offensive against government positions in northern and eastern Chad with heavy Libyan support. In response to Libya's direct intervention, French and Zairian forces intervened to defend Habré, pushing Libyan and rebel forces north of the [[16th parallel north|16th parallel]]. In September 1984, the French and the Libyan governments announced an agreement for the mutual withdrawal of their forces from Chad. By the end of the year, all French and Zairian troops were withdrawn. Libya did not honor the withdrawal accord, and its forces continued to occupy the northern third of Chad.<ref>{{cite book| last1 = Brachet| first1 = Julien| last2 = Scheele| first2 = Judith| title = The Value of Disorder : Autonomy, Prosperity, and Plunder in the Chadian Sahara| publisher = Cambridge University Press| date = 2019| location = Cambridge| pages = 98–131| doi = 10.1017/9781108566315| isbn=9781108566315| s2cid = 181557618}}</ref>

Rebel commando groups ([[Codos]]) in southern Chad were broken up by government massacres in 1984. In 1985 Habré briefly reconciled with some of his opponents, including the [[Democratic Front of Chad]] (FDT) and the [[Coordinating Action Committee of the Democratic Revolutionary Council]]. Goukouni also began to rally toward Habré, and with his support Habré successfully expelled Libyan forces from most of Chadian territory. A cease-fire between Chad and Libya held from 1987 to 1988, and negotiations over the next several years led to the 1994 International Court of Justice decision granting Chad sovereignty over the Aouzou strip, effectively ending Libyan occupation. United States of America continued to support the Habré regime throughout its existence,<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Chad: A Country Study |publisher=[[Federal Research Division]], [[Library of Congress]] |location=Washington, D.C. |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/89600373/ |date=1990 |editor-last=Collelo |editor-first=Thomas |edition=2nd |pages=166–167 |isbn=0-16-024770-5 |postscript=. {{PD-notice}}}}</ref> militarily and economically.