Editing History of Algeria (section)

==== Origins and establishment ====
The Zirids were [[Sanhaja]] [[Berbers]], from the [[Sedentary lifestyle|sedentary]] Talkata tribe,{{Sfn|Abun-Nasr|1987|p=64}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ilahiane |first=Hsain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0E8qp_k515oC&dq=talkata+zirid&pg=PA149 |title=Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen) |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8108-6490-0 |pages=149 |language=en}}</ref> originating from the area of modern [[Algeria]]. In the 10th century this tribe served as vassals of the [[Fatimid Caliphate]], an [[Isma'ilism|Isma'ili]] [[Shia Islam|Shi'a]] state that challenged the authority of the [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid caliphs]]. The [[progenitor]] of the Zirid dynasty, [[Ziri ibn Manad]] (r. 935–971) was installed as governor of the central [[Maghreb]] (roughly north-eastern Algeria today) on behalf of the Fatimids, guarding the western frontier of the Fatimid Caliphate.{{Sfn|Brett|2017|p=54, 63}}{{Sfn|Abun-Nasr|1987|p=19}} With Fatimid support Ziri founded his own capital and palace at [[Achir|'Ashir]], south-east of [[Algiers]], in 936.<ref name="Brett-2008">{{Cite book |last=Brett |first=Michael |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three |publisher=Brill |year=2008 |isbn=9789004161658 |editor-last=Fleet |editor-first=Kate |location= |pages= |chapter=Ashīr |editor-last2=Krämer |editor-first2=Gudrun |editor-last3=Matringe |editor-first3=Denis |editor-last4=Nawas |editor-first4=John |editor-last5=Rowson |editor-first5=Everett}}</ref>{{Sfn|Abun-Nasr|1987|p=66}}{{Sfn|Brett|2017|p=54}} He proved his worth as a key ally in 945, during the [[Kharijite]] rebellion of [[Abu Yazid]], when he helped break Abu Yazid's siege of the Fatimid capital, [[Mahdia]].{{Sfn|Tibi|2002|p={{page needed|date=April 2023}}}}<ref name="Bosworth-2004b">{{Cite book |last=Bosworth |first=Clifford Edmund |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mKpz_2CkoWEC&q=new+islamic+dynasties |title=The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |year=2004 |isbn=9780748696482 |location= |pages=13 |chapter=The Zirids and Hammadids}}</ref> After playing this valuable role, he expanded 'Ashir with a new palace circa 947.<ref name="Brett-2008" />{{sfn|Ettinghausen|Grabar|Jenkins-Madina|2001|p=188}} In 959 he aided [[Jawhar al-Siqilli|Jawhar al-Siqili]] on a Fatimid military expedition which successfully conquered [[Fez, Morocco|Fez]] and [[Sijilmasa]] in present-day Morocco. On their return home to the Fatimid capital they paraded the [[emir]] of Fez and the “Caliph” Ibn Wasul of Sijilmasa in cages in a humiliating manner.<ref name="Halm1996">{{cite book |author=Halm |first=Heinz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=usUjj9OV9l0C&pg=PA399 |title=The Empire of the Mahdi: The Rise of the Fatimids |publisher=Brill |year=1996 |isbn=90-04-10056-3 |page=399}}</ref><ref>Messier, Ronald A.; Miller, James A. (2015). The Last Civilized Place: Sijilmasa and Its Saharan Destiny. University of Texas Press. {{ISBN|9780292766655}}</ref><ref>Pellat, Charles (1991). "Midrār". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume VI: Mahk–Mid. Leiden: E. J. Brill. {{ISBN|978-90-04-08112-3}}</ref> After this success, Ziri was also given [[Tiaret|Tahart]] to govern on behalf of the Fatimids.{{Sfn|Brett|2017|p=75}} He was eventually killed in battle against the [[Zenata|Zanata]] in 971.{{Sfn|Abun-Nasr|1987|p=66}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Hugh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFfJAwAAQBAJ&dq=ziri+971+zanata&pg=PA103 |title=Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus |publisher=Routledge |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-317-87041-8 |pages=103 |language=en}}</ref>

When the Fatimids moved their capital to [[Egypt]] in 972, Ziri's son [[Buluggin ibn Ziri]] (r. 971–984) was appointed viceroy of [[Ifriqiya]]. He soon led a [[Zirid conquest of Morocco|new expedition]] west and by 980 he had conquered Fez and most of Morocco, which had previously been retaken by the [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Umayyads of Cordoba]] in 973.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Naylor |first=Phillip C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rN-EBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA84 |title=North Africa, Revised Edition: A History from Antiquity to the Present |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-292-76190-2 |pages=84 |language=en}}</ref>{{Sfn|Abun-Nasr|1987|pp=67, 75}} He also led a [[Zirid expedition to Barghawata|successful expedition]] to [[Barghawata]] territory, from which he brought back a large number of slaves to Ifriqiya.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hady Roger |first=Idris |url=http://www.asadlis-amazigh.com/fr/wp-content/uploads/livres/La%20berberie%20orientale%20sous%20les%20Zirides%201.pdf |title=La berbérie oriental sous les Zirides |publisher=Adrien-Maisonneuve |year=1962 |pages=57 58 |access-date=2023-02-23 |archive-date=2021-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831175434/http://www.asadlis-amazigh.com/fr/wp-content/uploads/livres/La%20berberie%20orientale%20sous%20les%20Zirides%201.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 978 the Fatimids also granted Buluggin overlordship of [[Tripolitania]] (in present-day [[Libya]]), allowing him to appoint his own governor in [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]]. In 984 Buluggin died in Sijilmasa from an illness and his successor decided to abandon Morocco in 985.{{sfn|Tibi|2002|p=514}}<ref name="AkyeampongGates2012">{{cite book |author1=Emmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong |author2=Henry Louis Gates |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA9 |title=Dictionary of African Biography |date=2 February 2012 |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 |page=9}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6XMBAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA36 Middle East and Africa: International Dictionary of Historic Placesedited by Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson, Paul Schellinger]</ref>