Editing Hardcore punk (section)

===Late 1970s and early 1980s===
====United States====
=====Los Angeles=====
{{Quote box
| quote = Hardcore punk drew a line in the sand between older and [[avant-garde rock]] fans and a new bunch of kids who were coming up. On one side there were those who considered the music (and its fans) loud, ugly and incoherent: to the folks on the other side, hardcore was the only music that mattered. A rare generational divide in rock music had arisen. And that's when exciting things happen.
| source = Music journalist [[Michael Azerrad]] in the book ''[[Our Band Could Be Your Life]]'' (2001)<ref>Azerrad, Michael. ''Our Band Could Be Your Life''. 2001. Little Brown Books. pp. 14.</ref>
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[[Michael Azerrad]] states that "[by] 1979 the original punk scene [in Southern California] had almost completely died out" and was replaced by punk music boiled down to its essence, but with faster tempos, which became known as "hardcore".<ref>{{cite book |last=Azerrad |first=Michael |date=2001 |title=Our Band Could Be Your Life |publisher=Bay Back Books|pages=13–14 |isbn=9780316787536}}</ref> Steven Blush states that the first hardcore record to come out of the West Coast was ''[[Out of Vogue]]'' by the Santa Ana band [[Middle Class (band)|Middle Class]].<ref>Steven Blush. ''American Hardcore: A Tribal Tradition''. Feral House, 2001. p. 19</ref> The band pioneered a shouted, fast version of punk rock which would shape the hardcore sound that would soon emerge. In terms of impact upon the hardcore scene, Black Flag has been deemed the most influential group. Azerrad calls Black Flag the "godfathers" of hardcore punk and states that even "...more than the flagship band of American hardcore", they were "...required listening for anyone who was interested in underground music."<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book |last=Azerrad |first=Michael |title=Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Indie Underground, 1981–1991 |publisher=Underground Music |isbn=0-316-78753-1|date=July 2, 2002 }}</ref> Blush states that Black Flag were to hardcore what the [[Sex Pistols]] and [[Ramones]] were to punk.<ref>Steven Blush. ''American Hardcore: A Tribal Tradition''. Feral House, 2001. p. 56</ref> Formed in [[Hermosa Beach, California|Hermosa Beach]], California by [[guitarist]] and primary songwriter [[Greg Ginn]], they played their first show in December 1977. Originally called Panic, they changed their name to Black Flag in 1978.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Grad |first=David |title=Fade to Black |magazine=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] |date=July 1997}}</ref>

By 1979, Black Flag were joined by another [[South Bay (Los Angeles County)|South Bay]] hardcore band, the [[Minutemen (band)|Minutemen]], with whom they shared a practice space until both bands were evicted, as well as the [[Circle Jerks]] (which featured Black Flag's original singer, [[Keith Morris]]).<ref>Steven Blush. American Hardcore: a Tribal History. Feral House, 2010. p. 61</ref> From [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]], two other bands playing hardcore punk, [[Fear (band)|Fear]] and the [[Germs (band)|Germs]], were featured with Black Flag and the Circle Jerks in [[Penelope Spheeris]]' 1981 documentary ''[[The Decline of Western Civilization]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/the-decline-of-western-civilization-punk-documentary-review-germs-x-black-flag/|title = The Decline of Western Civilization Captured the Chaos of L.A.'s Early Punk Scene|website = [[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|date = July 29, 2020}}</ref> By the time the film was released, other hardcore bands from [[Los Angeles County]] were also making a name for themselves including [[Bad Religion]], [[Descendents]], [[Red Kross]], [[Rhino 39]], [[Suicidal Tendencies]], [[Wasted Youth (American band)|Wasted Youth]], [[Youth Brigade (band)|Youth Brigade]], and [[Youth Gone Mad]].<ref>Steven Blush. American Hardcore: a Tribal History. Feral House, 2010. p. 82-91, 108-</ref> Neighboring [[Orange County, California|Orange County]] had [[the Adolescents]], [[Agent Orange (band)|Agent Orange]], [[China White (band)|China White]], [[Social Distortion]], [[Shattered Faith]], [[T.S.O.L.]], and [[Uniform Choice]], while north of Los Angeles, around [[Oxnard, California|Oxnard]], California, a hardcore scene known as "nardcore" developed with bands like [[Agression (band)|Agression]], [[Ill Repute]], [[Dr. Know (band)|Dr. Know]], and [[Rich Kids on LSD]].<ref>Steven Blush. American Hardcore: a Tribal History. Feral House, 2010. p. 95-107</ref>[[File:Mike Watt 2013.jpg|225px|thumb|right|Mike Watt, formerly the bassist for the [[Minutemen (band)|Minutemen]] in a 2013 show]]

Whilst popular traditional punk bands such as [[the Clash]], Ramones, and Sex Pistols were signed to major record labels, the hardcore punk bands were generally not. Black Flag, however, was briefly signed to [[MCA Records|MCA]] subsidiary Unicorn Records but were dropped because an executive considered their music to be "anti-parent".<ref>{{cite web |title=Black Flag |work=Sounds magazine |url=http://www.micksinclair.com/sounds/bf.html |access-date=May 27, 2006}}</ref> Instead of trying to be courted by the major labels, hardcore bands started their own [[independent record label]]s and distributed their records themselves. Ginn started [[SST Records]], which released Black Flag's debut EP ''[[Nervous Breakdown (EP)|Nervous Breakdown]]'' in 1979. SST went on to release a number of albums by other hardcore artists, and was described by Azerrad as "easily the most influential and popular underground indie of the Eighties."<ref name="ReferenceA"/> SST was followed by a number of other successful artist-run labels—including [[BYO Records]] (started by Shawn and Mark Stern of Youth Brigade),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.punknews.org/article/38406/interviews-shawn-stern-byo-records-youth-brigade|title=Interviews: Shawn Stern (BYO Records, Youth Brigade)|website=Punknews.org|date=May 25, 2010 |access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> [[Epitaph Records]] (started by [[Brett Gurewitz]] of Bad Religion),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/thepitch/1292-epitaphs-brett-gurewitz-on-buildingand-shiftinga-punk-empire/|title=Epitaph's Brett Gurewitz On Building—and Shifting—a Punk Empire|first=Eric|last=Ducker|website=Pitchfork.com|date=September 15, 2016|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> [[New Alliance Records]] (started by the Minutemen's [[D. Boon]] and [[Mike Watt]]),<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6K6l38haOK4C&q=new+alliance+d+boon&pg=PT54|title=Husker Du: The Story of the Noise-Pop Pioneers Who Launched Modern Rock|first=Andrew|last=Earles|date=November 15, 2010|publisher=Voyageur Press|isbn=9781616739799|access-date=September 5, 2020|via=Google Books}}</ref> as well as fan-run labels like [[Frontier Records]] and [[Slash Records]].

Bands also funded and organized their own tours. Black Flag's tours in 1980 and 1981 brought them in contact with developing hardcore scenes in many parts of North America, and blazed trails that were followed by other touring bands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punknews.org/bands/blackflag|title=Black Flag|last=Punknews.org|website=Punknews.org|date=July 26, 2006 |access-date=January 18, 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222223049/https://www.punknews.org/bands/blackflag|archive-date=December 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Britannica|9105869|Black Flag}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090526210253/http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/black_flag/bio.jhtml |archive-date=May 26, 2009 |publisher=[[VH1]] |url=http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/black_flag/bio.jhtml |title=Black Flag}}</ref> Concerts in the early Los Angeles hardcore scene increasingly became sites of violent battles between police and concertgoers. Another source of violence in L.A. was tension created by what one writer calls the invasion of "antagonistic suburban [[poseur]]s" into hardcore venues.<ref>"Fantagraphics Books – Los Bros. Hernandez". Fantagraphics.com. Retrieved February 7, 2012.</ref> Violence at hardcore concerts was portrayed in episodes of the popular television shows ''[[CHiPs]]'' and ''[[Quincy, M.E.]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXyFAwAAQBAJ&q=chips+quincy+hardcore+violence&pg=PT1713|title=The Music Sound|first=Nicolae|last=Sfetcu|date=May 7, 2014|publisher=Nicolae Sfetcu|access-date=September 5, 2020|via=Google Books}}</ref>

In the pre-Internet era, fanzines, commonly called [[zines]], enabled hardcore scene members to learn about bands, clubs, and record labels. Zines typically included reviews of shows and records, interviews with bands, letters, ads for records and labels, and were DIY products, "proudly amateur, usually handmade. A zine called ''We Got Power'' described the Los Angeles scene from 1981 to 1984, and it included show reviews and band interviews with groups including D.O.A., the Misfits, Black Flag, Suicidal Tendencies and the Circle Jerks.<ref name="avclub.com">{{cite web |last=Heller |first=Jason |url=https://www.avclub.com/article/with-zines-the-90s-punk-scene-had-a-living-history-104206 |title=With zines, the '90s punk scene had a living history · Fear Of A Punk Decade · The A.V. Club |publisher=Avclub.com |date=October 15, 2013 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823033946/http://www.avclub.com/article/with-zines-the-90s-punk-scene-had-a-living-history-104206 |archive-date=August 23, 2014 }}</ref>

=====San Francisco=====
[[File:Jello-Biafra.jpg|155px|thumb|right|[[Jello Biafra]] performing with the [[Dead Kennedys]] ]]
Shortly after Black Flag debuted in Los Angeles, [[Dead Kennedys]] were formed in San Francisco. While the band's early releases were played in a style closer to traditional punk rock, ''[[In God We Trust, Inc.]]'' (1981) marked a shift into hardcore. Similar to Black Flag and Youth Brigade, Dead Kennedys released their albums on their own label, which in DK's case was [[Alternative Tentacles]]. The scene was helped in particular by the San Francisco club [[Mabuhay Gardens]], whose promoter, [[Dirk Dirksen]], became known as "The Pope of Punk".<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/dirk-dirksen-pope-of-punk-amused-insulted-2466523.php | work=The San Francisco Chronicle | title=KEN GARCIA – S.F. Punk – Those Were The Days / Mabuhay Gardens featured likes of Switchblades, Devo | first=Joel | last=Selvin | date=November 22, 2006 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010023320/http://articles.sfgate.com/2006-11-22/bay-area/17321473_1_dirk-dirksen-mabuhay-gardens-dead-kennedys | archive-date=October 10, 2012 }}</ref> Another important local institution was [[Tim Yohannan]]'s [[Maximumrocknroll]], which started as a radio show in 1977, but branched out into a [[punk zine|fanzine]] in 1982.<ref>Saincome, Matt. "Maximum Rock N' Roll Presents: A Day of Punk and Hardcore Gigs Worldwide." [[SF Weekly]], May 15, 2015, {{cite web| url = https://www.sfweekly.com/music/maximum-rock-n-roll-presents-a-day-of-punk-and-hardcore-gigs-worldwide/.| title = Maximum Rock N' Roll Presents: A Day of Punk and Hardcore Gigs Worldwide – SF Weekly| work = SF Weekly| date = May 15, 2015}}</ref>

While not as large as the scene in Los Angeles, the hardcore scene of the early 1980s included a number of noteworthy bands originating from the [[San Francisco Bay Area]], including [[Bl'ast]], [[Crucifix (band)|Crucifix]], [[the Faction]], [[Fang (band)|Fang]], [[Flipper (band)|Flipper]], and [[Whipping Boy (American band)|Whipping Boy]].<ref>Steven Blush. American Hardcore: a Tribal History. Feral House, 2010. p. 122-131
</ref> Additionally, during this time, seminal [[Texas]]-based bands [[Dirty Rotten Imbeciles]], [[the Dicks]], [[MDC (band)|MDC]], [[Rhythm Pigs]], and [[Verbal Abuse]] all relocated to San Francisco.<ref>Steven Blush. American Hardcore: a Tribal History. Feral House, 2010. p. 126
</ref> Further out of the Bay Area, [[Sacramento]]'s [[Tales of Terror (band)|Tales of Terror]] were cited by many, including [[Mark Arm]], as a key inspiration for the [[grunge]] movement.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.midtownmonthly.net/music/tales-of-terror/ | title = Tales of Terror: Bad Dream or Acid Trip? | access-date = April 27, 2012 | last = Gustafson | first = Guphy | date = January 1, 2010 | work = Midtown Monthly | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110814081006/http://www.midtownmonthly.net/music/tales-of-terror/ | archive-date = August 14, 2011 }}</ref>

=====Washington, D.C.=====
{{Main|Washington, D.C. hardcore}}

The first hardcore punk band to form on the East Coast of the United States was Washington, D.C.'s [[Bad Brains]]. Initially formed in 1977 as a jazz fusion ensemble called Mind Power, and consisting of all [[African-American]] members, their early foray into hardcore featured some of the fastest tempos in [[rock music]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://homepages.nyu.edu/~cch223/usa/badbrains_main.html |work=homepages.nyu.edu |publisher=[[New York University]] |title=Bad Brains |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101152139/http://homepages.nyu.edu/~cch223/usa/badbrains_main.html |archive-date=January 1, 2009 |access-date=April 16, 2008 }}</ref> The band released its debut single, "[[Pay to Cum]]", in 1980, and were influential in establishing the D.C. hardcore scene. Hardcore historian Steven Blush calls the single the first East Coast hardcore record.<ref>Steven Blush. ''American Hardcore: A Tribal Tradition''. Feral House, 2001. p.&nbsp;19</ref>

[[Ian MacKaye]] and [[Jeff Nelson (musician)|Jeff Nelson]], influenced by [[Bad Brains]], formed the band [[Teen Idles]] in 1979. The group broke up in 1980, and MacKaye and Nelson went on to form [[Minor Threat]], a band which, apart from [[Bad Brains]], has arguably had the biggest influence on the hardcore punk genre, and whose contributions to the music, ethics, aesthetic, and ethos are still widely acknowledged by hardcore bands of the 2020s.<ref>{{cite web| author = John Robb | website =  Louder Than War | url = http://louderthanwar.com/are-minor-threat-one-of-the-most-influential-band-for-the-last-thirty-years/.| title = Are Minor Threat one of the most influential bands of the last thirty years?| date = July 13, 2011}}</ref> The band used faster rhythms and more aggressive, less melodic riffs than was common at the time. Minor Threat popularized the [[straight edge]] movement with its song "[[Straight Edge (song)|Straight Edge]]", which spoke out against alcohol, drugs and promiscuity.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cogan|first=Brian|title=The Encyclopedia of Punk|year=2008|publisher=Sterling|isbn=978-1-4027-5960-4|location=New York}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Azerrad|first=Michael|title=Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Indie Underground, 1981–1991|url=https://archive.org/details/ourbandcouldbeyo00mich|url-access=registration|year=2001|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|isbn=0-316-78753-1|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/ourbandcouldbeyo00mich/page/121 121]}}</ref> MacKaye and Nelson ran their own record label, [[Dischord Records]], which released records by D.C. hardcore bands, including [[The Faith (American band)|the Faith]], [[Iron Cross (American band)|Iron Cross]], [[Scream (band)|Scream]], [[State of Alert]], [[Government Issue]], [[Void (band)|Void]], and D.C.'s [[Youth Brigade (Washington, D.C. band)|Youth Brigade]]. The ''[[Flex Your Head]]'' compilation was a seminal document of the early 1980s D.C. hardcore scene. The record label was run out of the Dischord House, a Washington, D.C., [[punk house]]. [[Henry Rollins]], who would come to prominence as the lead singer of the California-based Black Flag, as well as his own later [[Rollins Band]], grew up in Washington, D.C., singing for the State of Alert, and was influenced by the music of Bad Brains and the bands of his childhood friend Ian MacKaye.<ref>Azerrad, Michael. ''[[Our Band Could Be Your Life|Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Indie Underground, 1981–1991]]''. Little Brown and Company, 2001. {{ISBN|0-316-78753-1}}.</ref>

The tradition of holding all-ages shows at small DIY spaces, has roots in the early Washington, D.C., straight edge movement. It emerged from the idea that people of all ages should have access to music, regardless of if they're old enough to drink alcohol.<ref>Bray, R., &amp; Comaratta, L. (May 19, 2014). All access: An oral history of DC's 9:30 Club. Retrieved March 1, 2021, from {{cite web| url = https://consequence.net/2014/05/all-access-an-oral-history-of-dcs-930-club/2/| title = All Access: An Oral History of DC's 9:30 Club – Consequence| date = May 19, 2014}}</ref>

=====Boston=====
{{main article|Boston hardcore}}
Seminal Boston-area hardcore bands included [[the F.U.'s]], [[the Freeze]], [[Gang Green]], [[Jerry's Kids (band)|Jerry's Kids]], [[Siege (band)|Siege]], [[DYS (band)|DYS]], [[Negative FX]], and [[SS Decontrol]]. Members of the latter three bands were influenced by D.C.'s [[straight edge]] scene, and were part of "the Boston Crew", a mostly straight edge group of friends known to physically fight people who used alcohol or drugs.<ref name="daily.redbullmusicacademy.com">{{Cite web|url=https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2017/11/straight-edge-hardcore-punk-history-excerpt|title=Straight Edge: A Clear-Headed Hardcore Punk History|website=Daily.redbullmusicacademy.com|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> Members of the Boston Crew would later go on to form the band [[Slapshot (band)|Slapshot]],<ref name= "daily.redbullmusicacademy.com"/> and also included future [[Mighty Mighty Bosstones]] singer [[Dicky Barrett]], who was then a member of the band Impact Unit,<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.verbicidemagazine.com/2010/09/30/show-review-gallery-east-reunion-show-with-dys-jerrys-kids-the-fus-antidote-gang-green-and-slapshot-at-club-lido-boston-8292010/|title = Show Review: Gallery East Reunion Show at Club Lido, Boston 8/29/10|first = Paul J.|last = Comeau|date = September 30, 2010|access-date = June 24, 2020|archive-date = June 27, 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200627175238/https://www.verbicidemagazine.com/2010/09/30/show-review-gallery-east-reunion-show-with-dys-jerrys-kids-the-fus-antidote-gang-green-and-slapshot-at-club-lido-boston-8292010/|url-status = dead}}</ref> and drew the artwork for the DYS album ''Brotherhood''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.clevescene.com/scene-and-heard/archives/2018/08/17/the-mighty-mighty-bosstones-complete-an-album-trilogy-they-started-nearly-10-years-ago|title=The Mighty Mighty Bosstones Complete a Trilogy They Started Nearly 10 Years Ago|first=Jeff|last=Niesel|website=Clevescene.com|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref>

In 1982, [[Modern Method Records]] released ''[[This Is Boston, Not L.A.]]'', a compilation album of the Boston hardcore scene. In addition to Modern Method was [[Taang! Records]], who released material by a number of the aforementioned Boston hardcore bands.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/how-boston-hardcore-changed-rock-music|title=How Boston hardcore changed rock music|first=Stephen Hill01|last=March 2020|website=Loudersound.com|date=March 2020|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref>

Further outside of Boston were [[Western Massachusetts]] bands [[Deep Wound]] (which featured future [[Dinosaur Jr.]] members [[J Mascis]] and [[Lou Barlow]]) and the [[Outpatients (band)|Outpatients]], both of whom would come to Boston to play shows.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PFJjCwAAQBAJ&q=%22deep+wound%22+%22outpatients%22+%22western+mass%22+hardcore&pg=PA278|title=American Hardcore (Second Edition): A Tribal History|first1=Steven|last1=Blush|first2=George|last2=Petros|page=278|date=October 19, 2010|publisher=Feral House|isbn=9781932595987|access-date=September 5, 2020|via=Google Books}}</ref> From nearby [[Manchester, New Hampshire|Manchester]], New Hampshire, was [[G.G. Allin]], a solo singer who, contrary to straight edge, used large amounts of drugs and alcohol, eventually dying of a heroin overdose.<ref>Prato, Greg. "GG Allin: the Gruesome Life and Tragic Death of the Most Shocking Man in Music." [[Loudersound]], Louder, October 8, 2018, www.loudersound.com/features/gg-allin-the-gruesome-life-and-tragic-death-of-the-most-shocking-man-in-music.</ref> Allin's stage show included defecating on stage and then throwing his feces at the audience.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-ballad-of-a-bloody-poop-throwing-punk-rock-terrorist|title=The Ballad of a Bloody, Poop-Throwing Punk-Rock 'Terrorist'|first=Nick|last=Schager|date=December 13, 2018|access-date=September 5, 2020|newspaper=The Daily Beast}}</ref>

=====New York=====
{{Main|New York hardcore}}
[[File:CBGB club facade.jpg|225px|thumb|left|Facade of the music club [[CBGB]] in New York City]]The [[New York City]] hardcore scene emerged in 1981 when [[Bad Brains]] moved to the city from [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite book |author1=Andersen, Mark |author2=Mark Jenkins |title=Dance of Days: Two Decades of Punk in the Nation's Capital |location=[[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Soft Skull Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=1-887128-49-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Blush |first=Steven |title=American Hardcore: A Tribal History |location=[[Los Angeles]] |publisher=[[Feral House]] |year=2001 |isbn=0-922915-71-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/americanhardcore00stev }}</ref> Starting in 1981, there was an influx of new hardcore bands in the city including [[Agnostic Front]], [[Beastie Boys]], [[Cro-Mags]], Cause for Alarm, [[The Mob (American hardcore band)|the Mob]], [[Murphy's Law (band)|Murphy's Law]], [[Reagan Youth]], and [[Warzone (band)|Warzone]]. A number of other bands associated with New York hardcore scene came from [[New Jersey]], including the [[Misfits (band)|Misfits]], [[Adrenalin OD]] and [[Hogan's Heroes (band)|Hogan's Heroes]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Bello, John |location=[[New York City]] |journal=Maximum RockNRoll|title=New York hardcore bands |date=October 1988 |page=82}}</ref><ref>1948–1999 Muze, Inc. Hogan's Heroes {{cite journal |title=POP Artists beginning with 'HOD' |journal=Phonolog |year=1999 |page=1 |issue=7–278B}} Section 207.</ref> Steven Blush calls the Misfits "crucial to the rise of hardcore."<ref>Steven Blush. ''American Hardcore: A Tribal Tradition''. Feral House, 2001. p. 195</ref> New York hardcore had more emphasis on rhythm, in part due to the use of [[palm-muting|palm-muted]] guitar chords, an approach called the NY hardcore "chug".<ref name="auto2"/> The New York scene was known for its tough ethos, its "thuggery", and club shows that were a chaotic "proving ground" or even a "battleground".<ref name="auto2"/>

In the early 1980s, the New York hardcore scene centered around squats and clubhouses.<ref name="auto2"/> After these were closed down, the scene was emanating in a small after-hours bar, [[A7 (bar)|A7]], on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, and later around the famous bar [[CBGB]]. For several years, CBGB held weekly hardcore matinées on Sundays, but they stopped in 1990 when violence led Kristal to ban hardcore shows at the club.<ref>Jeffrey Wengrofsky, "Punk Rock Fight Club" Trebuchet Magazine, {{cite web| url = https://www.trebuchet-magazine.com/punk-rock-fight-club/| title = Punk Rock Fight Club: The Beat Down at CBGB – Trebuchet| date = April 29, 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Agnostic Front live in Rome.jpg|thumb|right|225px|[[Agnostic Front]] performing]]
Early radio support in New York's surrounding [[Tri-State area (New York-New Jersey-Connecticut)|Tri-State area]] came from Pat Duncan, who had hosted live punk and hardcore bands weekly on [[WFMU]] since 1979.<ref>{{cite web | title=Playlists and Archives for Pat Duncan | work=WFMU | url=http://www.wfmu.org/playlists/PD | access-date=December 22, 2006 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202175300/http://www.wfmu.org/playlists/PD | archive-date=February 2, 2007 }}</ref> [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]], Connecticut's [[WPKN]] had a radio show featuring hardcore called Capital Radio, hosted by Brad Morrison, beginning in February 1979 and continuing weekly until late 1983. In [[New York City]], Tim Sommer hosted ''Noise The Show'' on [[WNYU]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Tim Sommer | work=Beastiemania.com | url=http://www.beastiemania.com/whois/sommer_tim/ | access-date=December 22, 2006 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029104725/http://www.beastiemania.com/whois/sommer_tim/ | archive-date=October 29, 2006 }}</ref>

By 1984, the [[Ramones]], one of the original New York punk bands, were experimenting with hardcore, with two songs, "Wart Hog" and "Endless Vacation" on their album ''[[Too Tough To Die]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.austinchronicle.com/music/2002-09-06/101761/|title=Too Tough To Die|website=Austinchronicle.com|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref>

=====Other American regions=====
[[Minneapolis hardcore]] consisted of bands such as [[Hüsker Dü]] and [[The Replacements (band)|the Replacements]], while [[Chicago]] had [[Articles of Faith (band)|Articles of Faith]], [[Big Black]] and [[Naked Raygun]]. The [[Detroit]] area was home to [[Crucifucks]], [[Degenerates]], [[the Meatmen]], [[Negative Approach]], [[Spite (punk band)|Spite]] and [[Violent Apathy]]. From [[Ohio]] was [[Maumee, Ohio|Maumee]]'s [[Necros (band)|Necros]] and [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]]'s [[Toxic Reasons]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.toledoblade.com/a-e/music-theater-dance/2010/08/05/Reunion-offers-Necros-fans-travel-back-to-the-80-s/stories/201008050070|title=Reunion offers Necros fans travel back to the 80's|website=Toldeoblade.com|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.punknews.org/review/13944/toxic-reasons-essential-independence|title=Toxic Reasons – Essential Independence|website=Punknews.org|date=October 6, 2015 |access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> The zine ''[[Touch and Go (book)|Touch and Go]]'' covered this [[American Midwest|Midwest]] hardcore scene from 1979 to 1983.<ref name="avclub.com"/>

[[JFA (band)|JFA]] and [[Meat Puppets]] were both from [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], Arizona; [[7 Seconds (band)|7 Seconds]] were from [[Reno, Nevada|Reno]], Nevada; and [[Butthole Surfers]], [[Big Boys (band)|Big Boys]], [[the Dicks]], [[Dirty Rotten Imbeciles]] (D.R.I.), [[Really Red]], [[Verbal Abuse (band)|Verbal Abuse]] and [[MDC (band)|MDC]] were from [[Texas]]. [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], Oregon, hardcore punk bands included [[Poison Idea]] and [[Final Warning]], while north of there, [[Washington (state)|Washington state]] included [[the Accüsed]], [[Melvins]], [[the Fartz]], and [[10 Minute Warning]] (the latter two included future [[Guns N' Roses]] member [[Duff McKagan]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://loudwire.com/duff-mckagan-rallying-cry-save-historic-rock-venue/|title=Duff McKagan Joins Rallying Cry to Save Historic Rock Venue|website=Loudwire.com|date=August 9, 2018 |access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref> Other prominent hardcore bands from this time that came from areas without large scenes include [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh]], North Carolina's [[Corrosion of Conformity]].

====Canada====
{{Main|Canadian hardcore punk}}
[[D.O.A. (band)|D.O.A.]] formed in [[Vancouver, British Columbia|Vancouver]], British Columbia in 1978 and were one of the first bands to refer to its style as "hardcore", with the release of their album ''[[Hardcore '81]]''. Other early hardcore bands from British Columbia included [[Dayglo Abortions]] who formed in 1979, the [[Subhumans (Canadian band)|Subhumans]] and [[The Skulls (Canadian band)|the Skulls]].

[[Nomeansno]] is a hardcore band originally from [[Victoria, British Columbia]], and now located in [[Vancouver]]. [[SNFU]] formed in [[Edmonton]] in 1981 and also later relocated to [[Vancouver]]. [[Bunchofuckingoofs]], from the [[Kensington Market]] neighbourhood of [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], formed in November 1983 as a response to "a local war with [[inhalant|glue huffing]] Nazi skinheads".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.montrealmirror.com/ARCHIVES/2000/070600/cover.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021123050410/http://www.montrealmirror.com/ARCHIVES/2000/070600/cover.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 23, 2002 |publisher=Montreal Mirror |title=Goof for life: Garbage day with Crazy Steve of T.O. punk legends Bunchofuckingoofs }}</ref> In [[Montreal]], [[Asexuals (band)|The Asexuals]] helped fertilize a scene that became a necessary tour stop for punk and hardcore bands headed to the Northeast.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/asexuals|title=Asexuals|website=Exclaim.ca|access-date=September 5, 2020}}</ref>

====United Kingdom====
{{Main|Hardcore punk in the United Kingdom}}
[[File:Antisect Brighton 1985.jpg|thumb|left|210px|The UK anarcho-punk and [[D-beat]] band [[Antisect]] playing in Brighton in 1985]]
In the [[United Kingdom]], a fertile hardcore scene took root early on. Referred to under a number of names including "U.K. Hardcore", "[[UK 82]]", "second wave punk",<ref>Glasper 2004, p. 8-9</ref> "real punk",<ref>Liner notes, [[Discharge (band)|Discharge]], ''[[Hear Nothing See Nothing Say Nothing]]'', Castle, 2003</ref> and "No Future punk",<ref>Glasper 2004, p. 384.</ref> it took the previous punk sound and added the incessant, heavy drumbeats and heavily distorted guitar sound of [[new wave of British heavy metal]] bands, especially [[Motörhead]].<ref name="Glasper 2004, p. 47">Glasper 2004, p. 47</ref> Formed in 1977 in [[Stoke-on-Trent]], [[Discharge (band)|Discharge]] played a large role in influencing other European hardcore bands. AllMusic calls the band's sound a "high-speed noise overload" characterized by "ferocious noise blasts."<ref>{{cite web |author=Dean McFarlane |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/discharge-mw0000221091 |title=Discharge – Discharge  |website=AllMusic |date=July 9, 2002 |access-date=August 20, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726035856/http://www.allmusic.com/album/discharge-mw0000221091 |archive-date=July 26, 2015 }}</ref> Their style of hardcore punk was coined as [[D-beat]], a term referring to a distinctive drum beat that a number of 1980s imitators of Discharge are associated with.<ref name=tez>"I just wanna be remembered for coming up with that f-ckin' D-beat in the first place! And inspiring all those f-ckin' great Discore bands around the world!" – Terry "Tez" Roberts, Glasper 2004, p. 175.</ref>

Another UK band, [[the Varukers]], were one of the original D-beat bands,<ref>Glasper 2004, p. 65.</ref> Scottish band [[the Exploited]] were also influential, with the term "UK 82" (used to refer to UK hardcore in the early 1980s) being taken from one of their songs. They contrasted with early American hardcore bands by placing an emphasis on appearance. Frontman Walter "Wattie" Buchan had a giant red [[Mohawk hairstyle|mohawk]] and the band continued to wear [[swastikas]], an approach influenced by the wearing of this symbol by 1970s punks such as [[Sid Vicious]]. Because of this, the Exploited were labeled by others in the scene as "cartoon punks".<ref>Glasper 2004, p. 360</ref> Other influential UK hardcore bands from this period included [[Charged GBH|GBH]], [[Anti-Establishment (band)|Anti-Establishment]], [[Antisect]], [[Broken Bones (band)|Broken Bones]], [[Chaos UK]], [[Conflict (band)|Conflict]], [[Dogsflesh]], [[English Dogs]], and [[grindcore]] innovators [[Napalm Death]].

====Other countries====
There was an Italian hardcore punk scene in the 1980s that included groups like [[Wretched (punk band)|Wretched]], [[Raw Power (band)|Raw Power]], and [[Negazione]]. Sweden developed several influential hardcore bands, including [[Anti Cimex]], [[Disfear]], and [[Mob 47]]. Finland produced some influential hardcore bands, including [[Terveet Kädet]], one of the first hardcore groups to emerge in the country. In Eastern Europe, notable hardcore bands included Hungary's [[Galloping Coroners]] from 1975, Yugoslavia's 1980s-era [[Niet]] from Ljubljana, and [[KBO!]]

A [[Japanese hardcore]] scene arose to protest the social and economic changes sweeping the country in the late 1970s and during the 1980s. The band [[SS (band)|SS]] is regarded as the first, forming in 1977.<ref>{{cite web|author=グローバル・プラス株式会社|url=http://www.barks.jp/news/?id=1000042455|title=＜パンクロックの封印を解く＞"東京ロッカーズ"の全貌に迫る『ROCKERS[完全版&#93;』 &#124; V.A.（PUNK） &#124; BARKS音楽ニュース| date=August 8, 2008 |publisher=Barks.jp|access-date=August 20, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420071423/http://www.barks.jp/news/?id=1000042455|archive-date=April 20, 2014}}</ref> Bands such as [[the Stalin]] and [[GISM]] soon followed, both forming in 1980. Other notable Japanese hardcore bands include [[Balzac (band)|Balzac]], [[Bomb Factory (band)|Bomb Factory]], [[Disclose]] (a D-beat band), [[Garlic Boys]], [[Gauze (band)|Gauze]], [[S.O.B. (band)|SOB]],<ref>{{citation|surname1=Ian Christe|title=Sound of the Beast. The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal|year=2003|publisher=ItBooks|page=[https://archive.org/details/soundofbeastcomp0000chri/page/262 262]|isbn=978-0-380811-27-4|language=de|url=https://archive.org/details/soundofbeastcomp0000chri/page/262}}</ref> and [[the Star Club]].