Editing Hamburg (section)

==Demographics==
{{Main|Demographics of Hamburg}}
[[File:Hamburg population pyramid in 2022.svg|thumb|Hamburg population pyramid in 2022]]
{{historical populations
|percentages=pagr
|950|500
|1430|16000
|1840|136956
|1900|705738
|1910|931035
|1920|1026989
|1930|1145124
|1940|1725500
|1945|1350278
|1950|1605606
|1961|1840543
|1970|1793640
|1975|1717383
|1980|1645095
|1985|1579884
|1990|1652363
|2001|1726363|2011|1706696|2022|1808846|footnote=Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.}}
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="width: 22em; font-size: 88%;"
|+ style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" |''' 20 largest groups of foreign residents'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/995591/umfrage/auslaender-in-hamburg-nach-herkunftslaendern/ | title=Ausländer in Hamburg nach Herkunftsländern 2021 }}</ref>
|-
! Nationality || Population (31 December 2022)
|-
| {{flag|Turkey}} ||44,280
|-
| {{flag|Ukraine}} ||33,570
|-
| {{flag|Afghanistan}} ||24,635
|-
| {{flag|Poland}} ||23,310
|-
| {{flag|Syria}} ||17,725
|-
| {{flag|Portugal}} ||11,465
|-
| {{flag|Romania}} ||10,510
|-
| {{flag|Iran}} || 9,725
|-
| {{flag|Russia}} ||9,375
|-
| {{flag|Bulgaria}} ||8,830
|-
| {{flag|North Macedonia}} ||7,770
|-
| {{flag|Italy}} ||7,570
|-
| {{flag|Ghana}} ||7,550
|-
| {{flag|Serbia}} ||7,405
|-
| {{flag|Croatia}} ||6,685
|-
| {{flag|India}} ||6,420
|-
| {{flag|China}} ||6,235
|-
| {{flag|Greece}} ||6,095
|-
| {{flag|Spain}} ||6,040
|-
| {{flag|Iraq}} ||5,400
|-
|}

On 31 December 2016, there were 1,860,759 people registered as living in Hamburg in an area of {{convert|755.3|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. The population density was {{convert|2464|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Hamburger Melderegister">{{Citation |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=Statistical office Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein (Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein) |title=Hamburger Melderegister|year=2016 |url=https://www.statistik-nord.de/fileadmin/Dokumente/Statistische_Berichte/bevoelkerung/A_I_S_1_j_H/A_I_S1_j16.pdf |language=de}}</ref> The metropolitan area of the Hamburg region ([[Hamburg Metropolitan Region]]) is home to 5,107,429 living on {{convert|196|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.statistik-nord.de/fileadmin/Dokumente/Tabellen%2C_Tabellenb%C3%A4nde%2C_Brosch%C3%BCren/Metropolregion_Hamburg/T01_Bev%C3%B6lkerung.xlsx |format=PDF|title=Hamburg Metropolitan Area fact sheet |publisher=Office of Statistics for Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein (Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein) |access-date=25 July 2017}}</ref>

There were 915,319 women and 945,440 men in Hamburg. For every 1,000 females, there were 1,033 males. In 2015, there were 19,768 births in Hamburg (of which 38.3% were to unmarried women); 6422 marriages and 3190 divorces, and 17,565 deaths. In the city, 16.1% of the population was  under the age of 18, while 18.3% was 65 years of age or older. There were 356 people in Hamburg over the age of 100.<ref name="Statistikamt Nord">[https://www.statistik-nord.de/fileadmin/Dokumente/Statistische_Berichte/bevoelkerung/A_I_S_1_j_H/A_I_S1_j16.pdf Bevölkerung in Hamburg am 31.12.2016] statistik-nord.de (in German) Retrieved 27 June 2023</ref>

According to the Statistical Office for Hamburg and [[Schleswig-Holstein]], there were 631,246 residents with a migrant background, representing 34% of the population.<ref name="statistik-nord.de">[https://www.statistik-nord.de/fileadmin/Dokumente/Statistik_informiert_SPEZIAL/SI_SPEZIAL_V_2017_Korrektur.pdf Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund in den Hamburger Stadtteilen Ende 2016] statistik-nord.de (in German) Retrieved 27 June 2023</ref> Immigrants come from 200 countries. 5,891 people have acquired German cititzenship in 2016.<ref name="statistik-nord.de1">[https://www.statistik-nord.de/fileadmin/Dokumente/Jahrb%C3%BCcher/Hamburg/JB16HH_Gesamt_Internet_min.pdf Statistisches Jahrbuch. Hamburg 2016] statistik-nord.de (in German) Retrieved 27 June 2023</ref>

In 2016, there were 1,021,666 households, of which 17.8% had children under the age of 18; 54.4% of all households were made up of singles. 25.6% of all households were single parent households. The average household size was 1.8.<ref name="Haushalte nach Stadtteilen in Hamburg am 31.12.2016">Selectable data base: {{Citation |author=Source: Residents registration office |publisher=Statistical office Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein |url=https://www.statistik-nord.de/fileadmin/Dokumente/Statistik_informiert_SPEZIAL/SI_SPEZIAL_VI_2017_Korrektur.pdf |title=Regionalergebnisse |access-date=25 July 2016|language=de}}</ref>

===Portuguese community===
Hamburg has the largest [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] community in Germany; the city is home to about 30,000 people of [[Portuguese diaspora|Portuguese heritage]]. Many Portuguese sailors and merchants came to Hamburg beginning in the 15th century due to its [[Port of Hamburg|port]]. Since the 1970s, there has been a district in Hamburg called the {{Interlanguage link|Portugiesenviertel|de|Portugiesenviertel}} (Portuguese quarter) where many Portuguese people settled and which has a variety of Portuguese restaurants, cafes and shops that attract many tourists. There are several statues, squares and streets in Hamburg that are named after Portuguese historical figures. These include the [[Vasco da Gama]] statue on the Kornhaus bridge, which was suggested by Portuguese residents to bring visibility to the Portuguese community in Hamburg.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wie Portugiesen in Hamburg heimisch wurden |url=https://www.welt.de/wams_print/article1466208/Wie-Portugiesen-in-Hamburg-heimisch-wurden.html |website=www.welt.de |date=16 November 2011 |access-date=24 July 2023 |language=de}}</ref>

===Afghan community===
{{seealso|Afghans in Germany|Afghan diaspora}}
Hamburg's [[Afghans|Afghan]] community of about 50,000 people is the largest not only in Germany, but also in Europe. They first came to Hamburg in the 1970s before expanding during the [[Afghan conflict]] in the 1980s and 1990s where many Afghan migrants chose to live in Hamburg.<ref name="BPB">{{citation|url=https://www.bpb.de/gesellschaft/migration/laenderprofile/288934/afghan-migration-to-germany|title=Afghan Migration to Germany: History and Current Debates|date=5 April 2019 }}</ref> After 2015 the Afghan population almost doubled due to a new influx from the migrant crisis. There is an area in Hamburg behind the central station where many Afghan restaurants and shops are located. Many [[carpet]] businesses in [[Speicherstadt]] are operated by Afghan traders,<ref>{{cite web |title=Warum es viele Afghanen nach Hamburg zieht |url=https://www.welt.de/regionales/hamburg/article233317215/Evakuierung-aus-Afghanistan-Warum-es-viele-Afghanen-nach-Hamburg-zieht.html |website=www.welt.de |date=23 August 2021 |access-date=24 July 2023 |language=de}}</ref> with Hamburg still a global leader in the trade of oriental rugs.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://worldheritage.hamburg/kehrwieder-the-way-to-the-top/ | title=Welterbe Info Point Hamburg - All info on the UNESCO World Heritage Site | date=16 June 2020 }}</ref>

===Foreign residents of Hamburg===

The breakdown of all Hamburg residents with foreign citizenship (as of 31 December 2016) by their continent of origin is as follows:<ref name="statistik-nord.de1"/>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#efefef;"|Citizenship
! style="background:#efefef;"|Number
! style="background:#efefef;"|%
|-
|Total||288,338||100%
|-
|Europe||193,812||67.2%
|-
|[[European Union]]||109,496||38%
|-
|[[Asian people|Asian]]||59,292||20.6%
|-
|[[African people|African]]||18,996||6.6%
|-
|[[Americas|North and South American]]||11,315||3.9%
|-
|Australian and Oceanian||1,234||0.4%
|}

===Language===
{{See also|Hamburgisch dialect}}

As elsewhere in Germany, [[Standard German]] is spoken in Hamburg, but as typical for northern Germany, the original language of Hamburg is [[Low German]], usually referred to as ''Hamborger Platt'' (German ''Hamburger Platt'') or ''[[Hamburgisch|Hamborgsch]]''. Since large-scale [[Standard language|standardisation]] of the German language beginning in earnest in the 18th century, various Low German-coloured dialects have developed (contact-varieties of German on Low Saxon substrates). Originally, there was a range of such [[Missingsch]] varieties, the best-known being the low-prestige ones of the working classes and the somewhat more bourgeois ''Hanseatendeutsch'' (Hanseatic German), although the term is used in appreciation.<ref>{{Citation |contribution=Die deutsche Sprache—eine Dialektlandschaft |title=Nationalatlas Bundesrepublik Deutschland |last=Bausch |first=Karl-Heinz |url=http://www.ifl-nationalatlas.de/download/bsppdf/Band_6_bsp.pdf |year=2007 |access-date=24 September 2008 |publisher=Leibniz-Institut für Länderkunde |location=Leipzig |isbn=978-3-8274-0947-8 |pages=94–95 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719043439/http://www.ifl-nationalatlas.de/download/bsppdf/Band_6_bsp.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2011|language=de}}</ref> All of these are now moribund due to the influences of Standard German used by education and media. However, the former importance of Low German is indicated by several songs, such as the [[sea shanty]] [[Hamborger Veermaster]], written in the 19th century when Low German was used more frequently. Many toponyms and street names reflect Low Saxon vocabulary, partially even in Low Saxon spelling, which is not standardised, and to some part in forms adapted to Standard German.<ref>Several places are named ...brook (Billbrook, Brooktor, Grasbrook, Hammerbrook, Hellbrook, Iserbrook) rather than Standard German ...bruch (neutr.; =brook riverscape), Bullenhusen rather than Bullenhausen, Lohbrügge rather than Lohbrücke, several localities starting with Nien... (Niendorf, Nienstedten) rather than Neuen..., or ending ...hude (Dockenhuden, Harvestehude, Winterhude) rather than ...hut[ung] (fem.; =pasture), Uhlenhorst rather than Eulenhorst, several places and water bodies are named ...bek (Barmbek, Eilbek, Fischbek, Flottbek, Goldbek, Isebek, Kirchsteinbek, Langenbek, Osterbek, Pepermölenbek, Wandsbek) rather than ...bach, several places and water bodies are called ...fleet (Alsterfleet, Bleichenfleet, Moorfleet) rather than ...fließ (=brook, stream). Further toponyms with no close Standard German correspondents appear, such as ...büttel (=inhabited place; Eimsbüttel, Fuhlsbüttel, Hummelsbüttel, Poppenbüttel, Wellingsbüttel) or Twiete (=alley wedged between buildings). Like in other parts of Northern Germany ...stedt (Bergstedt, Billstedt, Duvenstedt, Eidelstedt, Lokstedt, Mellingstedt, Nienstedten, Ohlstedt, Rahlstedt) prevails over ...stadt (=town, originally simply stead).</ref>

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Hamburg – 2018
|left1=religion
|right1=percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Irreligion|None]] or other|SlateGray|65.2}}
{{bar percent|[[Protestant Church in Germany|EKD Protestants]]|DodgerBlue|24.9}}
{{bar percent|[[Roman Catholicism|Roman Catholics]]|DarkOrchid|9.9}}
}}
In 2018, 65.2% of the population was not religious or adhered to religions other than the Evangelical Church or Catholicism.<ref>[https://www.ekd.de/ekd_de/ds_doc/Ber_Kirchenmitglieder_2018.pdf Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland – Kirchemitgliederzahlen Stand 31. Dezember 2018] EKD, January 2020</ref>

In 2018, 24.9% of the population belonged to the [[North Elbian Evangelical Lutheran Church]], the largest religious body, and 9.9% to the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]]. Hamburg is the seat of one of the [[List of bishops of Hamburg#Bishops of Hamburg and Lübeck (as of 2008)|three]] bishops of the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany]], as well as of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hamburg]].

According to the publication {{lang|de|text= Muslimisches Leben in Deutschland|italic= yes}} ("''Muslim life in Germany''"), an estimated 141,900 Muslim migrants (from nearly 50 countries of origin) lived in Hamburg in 2008.<ref>Sonja Haug et al.: Muslimisches Leben in Deutschland, Nuremberg, 2009</ref> About three years later (May 2011) calculations based on census data for 21 countries of origin resulted in a figure of about 143,200 Muslim migrants in Hamburg, making up 8.4% percent of the population.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kartenseite.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/brd_muslime_in_den_landkreisen_beim_zensus2011_sortiert_nach_regionalschluessel1.pdf |title=Kartenseite: Muslime in den Landkreisen beim Zensus 2011 |access-date=30 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823025135/https://kartenseite.files.wordpress.com/2017/04/brd_muslime_in_den_landkreisen_beim_zensus2011_sortiert_nach_regionalschluessel1.pdf |archive-date=23 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{As of|2021}}, there were more than 50 mosques in the city,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hamburg.de/branchenbuch/hamburg/10280938/n0/ | title=Moschee in Hamburg | publisher=Hamburg.de | access-date=10 August 2021}}</ref> including the [[Ahmadiyya]] run [[Fazle Omar Mosque]], which is the oldest in the city,<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.abendblatt.de/hamburg/article473742/Deutschlands-aelteste-Moschee-wurde-50.html | title=Deutschlands älteste Moschee wurde 50 | date=19 June 2007 | access-date=8 June 2014}}</ref> and which hosts the [[Islamic Centre Hamburg]].

A Jewish Community also exists.<ref>{{Citation |first=Dovid |last=Zaklikowski |url=http://www.chabad.org/news/article_cdo/aid/561998/jewish/School-Returns-to-Hamburg-Building-Left-Judenrein.htm |title=Jewish School Returns to Hamburg Building Left Judenrein by Nazis |date=30 August 2007 |access-date=11 August 2008 |publisher=chabad.org}}</ref> As of 2022, around 2,500 Jews live in Hamburg.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jguideeurope.org/en/region/germany/hamburg/|title=Hamburg - jewish heritage, history, synagogues, museums, areas and sites to visit|language=en|access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref>