Editing H.M.S. Pinafore (section)

===Subsequent productions===
After the opera became successful in London, Richard D'Oyly Carte quickly sent touring companies into the British provinces. At least one D'Oyly Carte company, and sometimes as many as three, played ''Pinafore'' under Carte's aegis every year between 1878 and 1888, including its first London revival in 1887. The opera was then given a rest, returning to the touring repertory between 1894 and 1900 and again for most of the time between 1903 and 1940.<ref>Rollins and Witts, pp. 7–164</ref> Gilbert directed all the revivals during his lifetime, and after his death, the [[D'Oyly Carte Opera Company]] had exclusive performing rights to the Savoy operas until 1962. It continued to hew closely to Gilbert's directions throughout that period, as recorded in Gilbert's prompt books, and it also required its licensees to follow them closely.<ref>Bradley (2005), p. 27</ref>

[[File:Pin15 1.jpg|upright|left|thumb|[[Ruth Vincent]] as Josephine in 1899]]
Until 1908, revivals of the opera were given in contemporary dress, with ladies' costumes executed by couture houses such as [[Redfern (couture)|Redfern]].<ref name=rw>Rollins and Witts, Appendix, p. VII</ref> After that, designers such as [[Percy Anderson (designer)|Percy Anderson]], [[George Sheringham]] and [[Peter Goffin]] created Victorian costume designs.<ref name=rw/><ref>Mander, pp. 102–105</ref> The 1887 set was designed by [[Hawes Craven]].<ref name=rw/> In the winter of 1940–41, the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company's scenery and costumes for ''Pinafore'' and three other operas were destroyed by German bombs during [[World War II]].<ref>Rollins and Witts, p. 165</ref> The opera was revived in London in the summer of 1947.<ref>Rollins and Witts, pp. 165–172</ref> It was then included in the D'Oyly Carte repertory in every season from then on, until the company's closure in 1982.<ref>Rollins and Witts, pp. 172–186, and supplements</ref> The D'Oyly Carte company performed ''Pinafore'' before [[Queen Elizabeth II]] and the royal family at [[Windsor Castle]] on 16 June 1977, during the queen's Silver Jubilee year, the first [[Royal Command Performance|royal command performance]] of a Gilbert and Sullivan opera since 1891.<ref name=Bradley116/>

The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company did not allow any other professional company to present the Savoy operas in Britain and the Commonwealth until the copyrights expired at the end of 1961, although it licensed many amateur and school societies to do so, beginning in the 19th century.<ref name=copyright>[http://gsarchive.net/gondoliers/doc_67/67docprod.html l "The 1968 D'Oyly Carte Opera Company Production of ''The Gondoliers''"], reprinted from theatre programme of 29 January 1968, ''The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive'', Retrieved on 11 March 2009</ref> Other professional productions since the copyrights expired have included [[Tyrone Guthrie]]'s 1960 production from [[Stratford Shakespeare Festival|Stratford, Ontario]], seen on Broadway in 1960 and in London in 1962<ref>It played in London together with ''Pirates'' at [[Her Majesty's Theatre]]; Mander, p. 154 and "''H.M.S. Pinafore'' and ''The Pirates of Penzance''", ''Theatre World'' (UK magazine), March 1962, pp. 15–20</ref> and a New Sadler's Wells Opera Company production first seen on 4 June 1984 at [[Sadler's Wells Theatre]],<ref>[http://gsarchive.net/pinafore/nswo/nswo87.html Photos, cast and crew information for the New Sadler's Wells Opera] production in 1987, collected at The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive, accessed 10 March 2009</ref> which was seen also in New York.<ref>[[Richard Traubner|Traubner, Richard]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/15/theater/music-a-pinafore-sails-in-on-a-fresh-breeze.html?pagewanted=all "A ''Pinafore'' Sails In on a Fresh Breeze"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 15 January 1989, accessed 10 March 2009</ref> [[Scottish Opera]], [[Welsh National Opera]] and many of the other British opera companies have mounted productions, as did the reconstituted D'Oyly Carte Opera Company between 1990 and its closure in 2003.<ref name=Bradley3>Bradley (2005), chapters 3 and 4, ''passim''</ref> In recent decades, the [[Carl Rosa Opera Company]] has produced ''Pinafore'' several times, including in 2009,<ref>"Dido; Aeneas/ Acis; Galatea", ''The Times'', 28 March 2009</ref> [[Opera della Luna]] has toured it repeatedly,<ref name=OdL>"Fun on the high seas", ''The Press and Journal'', 22 April 2010</ref> [[English National Opera]] presented it in 2021,<ref>Maddocks, Fiona. [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/nov/06/the-week-in-classical-hms-pinafore-english-national-opera-coliseum-12-ensemble-kings-place-review "The week in classical: ''H.M.S. Pinafore''; 12 Ensemble – review"], ''The Guardian'', 6 November 2021</ref> it is regularly given by the [[National Gilbert & Sullivan Opera Company]],<ref>Bratby, Richard. [http://www.theartsdesk.com/opera/hms-pinafore-national-gilbert-sullivan-opera-company "''HMS Pinafore'', National Gilbert & Sullivan Opera Company"], ''The Arts Desk'', 10 August 2015</ref> and other British companies continue to mount the piece.<ref name=Bradley3/>

The extraordinary initial success of ''Pinafore'' in America was seen first-hand by [[J. C. Williamson]].<ref name=Boston/> He soon made arrangements with D'Oyly Carte to present the opera's first authorised production in Australia, opening on 15 November 1879 at the Theatre Royal, [[Sydney]]. Thereafter, his opera company played frequent seasons of the work (and the subsequent Savoy operas) until at least 1963.<ref>Review of ''H.M.S. Pinafore'' in the ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 17 November 1879; and Morrison, Robert. [http://gasdisc.oakapplepress.com/williamson.htm "The J. C. Williamson Gilbert and Sullivan Opera Company"], the Gilbert and Sullivan Discography, 12 November 2001, accessed 10 June 2016</ref> In the U.S., the piece never lost popularity.<ref name=Boston/><ref name=Bradley117/> The [[Internet Broadway Database]] links to a non-exhaustive list of 29 productions on Broadway alone.<ref>[https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-show/hms-pinafore-4143 IBDB links to Broadway productions of ''Pinafore''], Internet Broadway Database, accessed 9 March 2017</ref> Among the professional repertory companies continuing to present ''Pinafore'' regularly in the U.S. are [[Opera a la Carte (US)|Opera a la Carte]], based in California, [[Ohio Light Opera]] and the [[New York Gilbert and Sullivan Players]], which tours the opera annually and often includes it in its New York seasons.<ref>Smith, Steve. [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/09/arts/music/09pina.html "All Hands on Deck for Absurd Relevance"], ''The New York Times'', 9 June 2008, accessed 10 March 2009</ref> ''Pinafore'' is still performed around the world by opera companies such as the Royal Theatre, [[Copenhagen]]; Australian Opera (and [[Essgee Entertainment]] and others in Australia); in [[Kassel]], Germany; and even [[Samarkand]], Uzbekistan.<ref>Bradley (2005), chapter 4</ref>

The following table shows the history of the D'Oyly Carte productions (excluding tours) in Gilbert's lifetime:

{|class="wikitable"
! Theatre !! Opening date !! Closing date !! Perfs. !! Details
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Opera Comique]]||25 May 1878||nowrap|24 December 1878||rowspan=2 align=center|571||rowspan=2|Original run in London. (The theatre was closed between 25 December 1878 and 31 January 1879.)<ref name=Rollins6/>
|-
|31 January 1879||20 February 1880
|-
|[[Fifth Avenue Theatre]], New York||1 December 1879||27 December 1879||align=center|28||Official American premiere in New York, prior to the opening of ''[[The Pirates of Penzance]]''.<ref name=Ainger182/>
|-
|nowrap|Opera Comique||nowrap|16 December 1879||20 March 1880||align=center|78||rowspan=2|Company of juvenile performers, matinees only. (This company went on a provincial tour from 2 August to 11 December 1880.)<ref name=Rollins7>Rollins and Witts, p. 7</ref>
|-
|Opera Comique||22 December 1880||28 January 1881||align=center|28
|-
|[[Savoy Theatre]]||12 November 1887||10 March 1888||align=center|120||First London revival.<ref name=Rollins11>Rollins and Witts, p. 11</ref>
|-
|Savoy Theatre||6 June 1899||25 November 1899||align=center|174||Second London revival. Played with ''[[Trial by Jury]]'' as a forepiece.<ref name=Rollins18>Rollins and Witts, p.18</ref>
|-
|nowrap|Savoy Theatre||14 July 1908||27 March 1909||align=center|61||Second Savoy repertory season; played with five other operas. (Closing date shown is of the entire season.)<ref name=Rollins22>Rollins and Witts, p. 22</ref>
|}